China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Essay

The net profit figure of RMB 19,011 reported under PRC GAAP was increased to RMB 21,593 under IFRS. The increase of RMB 2,582 under IFRS was due to the following reasons: Dep. and disposal of oil and gas properties RMB3,044 Acquisition of subsidiaries 443 Capitalization of general borrowing costs 389 Gain from issuance of shares by subsidiary 136 Gain from debt restructuring 82 Revaluation of land use rights 18 4,112 Unrecognized losses of subsidiaries (182) Pre-operating expenditures (169) Effect on taxation (1,179)(1,530) 2,582 The net profit figure of RMB 21,593 reported under IFRS was increased to RMB 25,577 under U.S. GAAP. The increase of RMB 3,984 under U.S. GAAP was due to the following reasons: Dep. of revalued PPE RMB 3,998 Disposal of PPE 1,316 Capitalized interest on invest.in associates 141 Reversal of deficits on revaluation of PPE 86 Foreign exchange gains and losses76 Reversal of impairment of long-lived assets 47 Exchange of assets23 Capitalization of PPE12 5,699 Deferred tax effect of U.S. GAAP adjustments (1,715) 3,984 2.The differences for CPCC between PRC GAAP and IFRS, and between IFRS and U.S. GAAP are given in the case. As mentioned in the case, treatments of the following items under PRC GAAP and IFRS are different: Depreciation and disposal of oil and gas properties Capitalization of general borrowing costs Acquisition of subsidiaries Gains from issuance of shares by a subsidiary Gains from debt restructuring Revaluation of land use rights Unrecognized losses of subsidiaries Pre-operating expenditures Impairment loses on long-lived assets Government grants (Refer pp.5-72 – 5-75 in the textbook) Treatments of depreciation and disposal of oil and gas properties seem to have a significant impact on reported profit. As mentioned in the case, treatments of the following items under IFRS and U.S. GAAP are different: Foreign exchange gains and losses Capitalization and revaluation of property, plant and equipment Exchange of assets Impairment of long-lived assets Capitalization of interest on investment in associates Goodwill amortization Companies included in consolidation Related party transactions (Refer pp.5-77 – 5-82) Treatments of depreciation of revalued property, plant and equipment, and disposal of property, plant and equipmentseem to have a significant impact on reported profit 3.U.K. readers of the financial statements may not find them very useful, as the information is not reconciled to the U.K. GAAP. There are differences between U.K. GAAP and IFRS, and between U.K. GAAP and U.S. GAAP. With the adoption of IFRS in the EU, this may not be a major problem anymore. However, UK companies use IFRS as adopted by the EU which in some cases differs from the IFRS issued by the IASB. 4.U.S. readers should find the information useful. However, it would be better for them if the information was reconciled directly from PRC GAAP to U.S. GAAP. 5.When a company is listed on a foreign stock exchange, it is always useful to explain the differences, if any, between accounting standards used in  preparing financial statements, and those that are stipulated by the listing requirements. The need for such explanation is reduced if the two sets of standards are comparable. However, differences can still exist due to different interpretations of the requirements. Therefore, the approach taken by CPCC can be recommended to other companies.

Bacardi Breezer and the Marketing Mix

Bacardi Breezer and the Marketing mix Following the success of Bacardi rum, created in 1829 (Smith, 2002) the company decided to diversify in 1994 launching Bacardi Breezers. These are â€Å"refreshing blend of Barcardi rum, fruit juices, exotic flavourings and sparkling mineral water† (http://www. thedrinkshop. com/products/nlpdetail. php? prodid=410) Bacardi were the first to launch ready-to-drink alchopops and are currently the market leader in the segment.The Bacardi Breezers come in many different flavours such as watermelon, orange, line, pineapple, peach, grapefruit and cranberry. Bacardi also more recently brought out a half-sugar range with zesty lemon and raspberry flavours. Its fun colourful packaging with the distinctive bacardi logo is perfect for its target market of 18-24's. I do feel that Breezers may possibly be aimed more towards females with how colourful the alco-pops are, however that does not mean to say that Breezers don't appeal to males.The packaging i s the same for all bottles except the colour of the smaller labels determine the flavour of the alcopop being consumed. The bottles tend to only come in two different sizes, the smaller 275ml bottles which are most popular with the on-trade but are sold by both, and the 700ml bottle sold only by the off-trade. The 275ml bottles are also only available in 4 packs whereas competitors such as Smirnoff Ice sell 12 bottle packs.The â€Å"core† benefit of Bacardi breezer as a product is that it gets the consumer intoxicated, however this is not the only reason for consumption. When planning a product the core benefit is turned into an actual product, which then become the tangible benefits â€Å"they need to develop product and service features, design, a quality level, a brand name and packaging. † 1 (Armstrong, G. (2009) Marketing An Introduction. Essex, Pearson Education. ) So bacardi breezers product feature is its pre-mixed contents, its service features being helplines .Its design being more colourful than Bacardi's previous products makes it more attractive to the younger market its aimed at. Bacardi have set themselves a high quality level, â€Å"Breezer made the decision to maintain its premium pricing to reinforce its quality positioning and thus kept its price at the top of the range† (Case Study information. ) Having already established a brand name as Bacardi, Breezers packaging is very different to the core products as its fresh and modern rather than aiming for the more cosmopolitan market.For Bacardi's Augmented benefits however these are harder to distinguish as there is no need for installation or very much after sale service, although they do offer a warranty if you are not satisfied you can return the packaging and they will try to rectify the problem. Original Bacardi rum has a much simpler packaging which aims to interest its target market of women aged 25-39. In comparison to Breezers it is much more sophisticated and doesn 't have the playful edge that is associated with Breezers.In my opinion Bacardi rum is more likely to be seen is cocktail bars and contemporary pubs, whereas Breezers are spotted in nightclubs and consumed by a younger group whilst getting ready for a night out. Bacardi have also diversified into other pre-mixed drinks and introduced Bacardi Siler targeted at 21-27 year old young professionals enjoy being in a bar situation but don't necessarily like beer. (http://directmag. com/mag/marketing_million_push_rolls/) This also includes the mojito range which I feel makes it again more sophisticated than Breezers.Price is the amount charged for a product or service, the following table shows prices of the off trade for Bacardi Breezers. This indicates a competitive pricing strategy as Bacardi have set premium prices compared to some competitors in order to maintain the quality level expected of them and also the image of a better product that competitors, however they tend to be around t he same price as Smirnoff Ice and WKD in order to not be under-cut by these same quality competitors.Therefore Bacardi take note of what their direct competitors are doing and to an extent follow suit afterwards. It is clear that as market leader there is enough demand for Breezers at a premium price to its lower quality competitors such as Caribbean Twist. It is hard however to determine the definite pricing strategy for Breezers as there isn't enough widely spread information about Breezers marketing strategy this is because they are a private limited company and does not have to publish this information. The prices of on-trade prices vary widely from ? 2 to ? 3. 0 however most on-trade companies do not freely advertise their prices and therefore have more choice as to what to charge. It is clear however that in a social environment such as a nightclub prices will be higher than that of the off-trade as you are also paying for the experience. The on-trade tend to use value-added p rices in order to make more of a profit. Through research I have found that there are few pubs which actually sell Breezers over the counter, but almost every nightclub sells them which further indicates that Breezers are targeted at the younger market.The off-trade distribution channel for Bacardi Breezers is Producer -; Distribution centres -; Retailers -; Consumers. This is only a short channel of distribution, the reason for this is that Breezers do not need to go through many processes to be produced and therefore all production is in house. I feel that Bacardi could not use a distribution channel of only Producer -; Consumer as it is not that type of product and this way of distribution would not provide enough opportunity for marketing.Supermarkets such as Tesco can also benefit from economies of scales due to the size of their organisations and can then pass some of these savings onto the consumers. The on-trade distribution channel is Producer -; Distribution centres -; Who lesalers -; Retailers -; Consumers. The on-trade have a longer distribution channel as they will have wholesalers, this is due to the lack or storage for nightclus and they will also then benefit from economies of scale.The Breezer advertising campaign is very similar to that of WKD one of their competitors, Bacardi's slogan is ‘Bacardi Breezer: there’s Latin spirit in everyone’ (Cozens, 1999) whereas WKD uses â€Å"Have you got a WKD side? † (http://www. dooyoo. co. uk/drinks/wkd-blue/1305067/). It is clear that there is a huge focus on promotion for Breezers, this is known from the fact that they launched a ? 5. 6m advertising campaign in 1999.This was their main promotion of Breezers since the launch and this was what established the widespread product knowledge of Breezers consumers. Bacardi also used advertising to keep themselves ahead of the competition, â€Å"they ensure that they spend more on advertising and promotion than any of their rivalsâ⠂¬  (Case Study information). This means that if consumers are seeing more promotion from Bacardi Breezers, they will stick in their mind more than competitors such as WKD and therefore means that they will be more inclined to buy Breezers rather than its competitors.Bacardi Breezer – Segmentation and Targeting Bacardi Breezer, as said previously, targets 18-24's specifically those who are party-goers. This target market I feel do not have very much brand loyalty, this is due to the fact that a vast amount of this market are students and tend to change their buying habits very often. This means that it may be difficult to keep the same customers, which is why Bacardi need to constantly innovate and also advertise as much as possible.Their characteristics are the common interest in socialising and wanting a fun young alternative to beer and wine. Bacardi segments their market using their packaging for instance 18 year old will want the smaller 275ml bottle when they are out d rinking in pubs and clubs whereas 24 year olds would want the larger 700ml bottles that are available to put in their fridges at home. This means that they have different advertising campaigns for each size as they are aimed at different market segments.Bacardi uses the marketing mix by having different size bottles for their market segments and therefore having different prices as both ends of their target markets will have varying amounts of disposable income. Bacardi also use different types of promotion for the two alternatives in order to enable them to gain the interest of as many consumers as possible. Finally place is very important to how Bacardi targets their consumers as the younger end of their market buy more from the on-trade with the older ones purchasing increased amounts from the off-trade.

Fast Food Nation Discussion Questions

He is shocked that the greatest power house in t e world has this disease in it's system and it is right under our noses. 2. Believe that the primary goal Closer had in writing this book is exposing a America the fries, burgers, pizzas, subs, that we consume isn't what we think t is. The chicken, cows, and pigs aren't raised on a farm, slaughtered humanely, thro ugly inspected, packaged, and appears on our plates with a nice wrapper around it . He wanted us to be aware that this industry is doing everything in their power to exploit innocent workers, helpless animals, and the system with power and politics. Ink Closer is hoping for America to open their eyes and realize what is really g Long on around them. He wants to see any change, not drastic changes but slowly chaw Eng things. He might expect us to spread this information to anyone that hasn't re ad this book. To spread the info he gave to us to anyone that isn't aware of what is go ins on in their local fast food restaurants. 3 . He kind of depicts an American culture that seems to be oblivious of what is g Ongoing on and just wants to consume, consume, and consume.He kind of writes about transition of a culture where everything was made from scratch and hard word k paid off. No short cuts were taken. Nothing was ‘fast?' just quality food. (pigs 18, 1 7, 46, 50) He described American Farmers as a dying species, businessmen as money hung children as exploited adolescents, general working public as being manipulate d, and the eating public as an unaware audience. 4. The tone of Chlorate's text is subtle yet stern. I would classify this book as outstretching, dark, heartrending and informative.I honestly do not b live that anywhere in the book there was a hopefulness or optimism. It just seem to get darker and darker the more you read on. He asserts his opinion in sections like and Potatoes, The Most Dangerous Job, Your Trusted friends. Yes there are SE actions that are less/ or more biased. (Kenny pig 186, Sharp Knives pig 1 72, A Broken Link pig 146) 5. The effect of these stories is to have us feel connected in a way with them. Like e we know them personally, and understand and feel what they been through, and they are included to give us a generalization of how long these industries have been d Long these things.

The Albatrosses and a Killer Whale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Albatrosses and a Killer Whale - Essay Example Changes caused to the marine environment due to natural as well as human reasons, as stated by Safina, have made the albatrosses vulnerable (qtd. in Sakamoto et al. 1). As mentioned by Croxall and Brooke, in recent times, studies have been carried out about the diet and foraging habits of these birds. However, little is known about how albatrosses actually locate their prey in the open ocean (qtd. in Sakamoto et al. 1). Previous studies found it difficult to follow individual birds, and thus could not find out all about the foraging activities employed by them. This particular study is mainly aimed at examining how albatrosses find their prey, as well as how they deal with and respond to their environment while on their foraging trips in the Southern Ocean (Sakamoto et al. 1). Four black-browed albatrosses were captured at their nest sites in Bird Island, Southern Georgia for the purpose of this study, and still cameras were attached to their backs. Three of the four birds were recaptured and the instruments retrieved. The fourth bird could not be recaptured. The camera was equipped with depth and temperature sensors. After the recovery of the instruments, the data captured, which included image, depth and temperature, were downloaded to a PC. The environment around the study birds was studied. Other animals or birds which appeared in the images were also scrutinized. Depth data were analyzed with a behavior analysis program.

Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Land Law - Assignment Example The laws that relate to land cover the divergent aspects or dimensions of land so that peoples’ right to possess, alienate and use land are upheld. In fact, land laws also provide land owners with the rights and powers to exclude others from their land. Among the important categories of land laws are those that cover land use and ownership agreements/processes such as land leasing and renting. In most cultures therefore, there are provisions, systems and jurisdictions that register land and resolve any disputes related to land use, ownership or inheritance among others1. Most emphasized in customary and common law jurisdictions are the land rights to which individuals are entitled. Land right refers to the unchallengeable ability that the law provides for people to possess and utilize land at their discretion provided that such possession and utilization of land do not infringe on the rights of others in the society2. It is therefore imperative that land lawyers recognize and understand the meanings and extent of land, more so the multi-dimensional nature of land3. This paper explores the concept of the multi-dimensionality of land and its impacts on land lawyers understanding of land. Definition of Land The apparent importance of land even as early as the beginning of civilization has led to almost all world cultures recognizing the need to regulate its ownership and use4. Despite the origins of land laws being in ancient times, land laws remain a core component of the society even in modern times. At the start of any legal process on land issues, it is important that all those involved, particularly the lawyers, define the subject matter, which in this case is land. According to section 205 (1) (ix) of the LPA 1925, the land comprises â€Å"land of any possession or tenure and minerals and mines , any structure or part of any structure or other corporeal hereditaments ; it also includes an advowson, a manor and a rent and an easement , privilege , rig ht or advantage in , over or enjoyed from land.† Accordingly, in legal parlance, a land includes both the corporeal and physical assets and the privileges that the owner or third parties may benefit from or over it5. The other conspicuous term in the definition of land in most statutes is ‘any tenure’. By the term land tenure are referred the two main types of ownership; leasehold and freehold, both of which refer to land in legal land issues. Freehold tenure refers to a situation in which an individual owns a piece of land forever/without end. On the other hand, leasehold ownership is a situation in which a tenant owns land for a given period (short or long but not indefinitely)6. From the two definitions, it is evident that leasehold ownership is a creation of freehold tenure. Unlike the Winter Garden Theatre (London) Limited versus Millennium Productions Limited Case of 1948, which had no term allowing the licensor to revoke the leasehold, it is important that contracts are clearly drawn in leaseholds. The Multi-Dimensionality of Land In addition to land tenure, the other important component of the definition of land is the extent of land. For instance, land is defined to include the mines and minerals therein, whether they belong to the owner of the surface of the land or not. The meaning of land thus includes both the vertical or horizontal division apart from the surface. Thus, a transfer of a land with two dimensional would have not only less

Critically Consider the Importance of Public International Law to Essay

Critically Consider the Importance of Public International Law to International Business - Essay Example The universal international laws are those laws which govern the relations of one State with all the States in international arena however; particular international law may only be governing the relationships and conducts of one State with another State. (Bederman, 2002) At a larger scale, public international law governs the relationships of the States with each other and plays critical role in authoring treaties and formal agreements between the States. However, if States agree with each other, the overall scope of the law can also be extended to the individual persons and organizations. What is however, critical to note that in public international law, the political and legal elements are closely intertwined with each other hence the overall implications of the public international law can be significant for the nations. (Aust, 2010) The most important issue which has remained the cause of debate is whether States should only be the subjects of international law or should other s ubjects be also brought under its ambit. Public International law and International Business The debate on increasing the scope of international law beyond States therefore outlines that the international business firms, intergovernmental organizations and other relevant bodies should also be brought under the scope. It is because of this reason that Public international law is now applicable on the individuals, relationships as well as transactions which take place across the borders. International law not only governs the use of common resources of the world but also provides framework for managing the transnational problems faced by the international business firms. (Shaw, 2003) The advent of globalization as well as the spread of the communication technologies also necessitated the... This essay approves that public international law governs the domain of States and their relationship with each other however, over the period of time, its scope and application has increased. The subjects of international law are not now just limited to States and how their relationships are governed however; international organizations are also increasingly coming under the ambit of this law and are greatly affected by the international law. This paper makes a conclusion that one of the key elements of international law is that it governs the bilateral agreements between the States. Bilateral agreements however, also provide required level of protection to the international firms in terms of getting protection of their investment. Foreign direct investment is one of the ways through which international firms make entry into the international markets. However, without bilateral agreements between the States, it may be difficult for international firms to take advantage of such opportunities. International law also can provide a very safe conduit to the international firms for settling their disputes with their host countries. Dispute settlement as well as the settlement of the international financing can be effectively done with the help of international law. Another important significance of international law for the international firms protection provided to their intellectual property. International law can also provid e support to the international firms in dealing with issues like child labor, unfair labor practices as well as human rights issues.

Blogs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blogs - Coursework Example Basically, there is no conflict of interests between the two agencies. A couple of wrong approaches by the police officials should not be cited to brand the entire police force as wrong. KC Veatch(2008) in his article â€Å"The Effect of Collective Bargaining on the Use of Innovative Policing,† makes mention about â€Å"three methods of innovative policing: citizen review boards, early warning systems, and the use of in-car camera systems.†(Paper 14)The public is interested in getting service. In substance, it is not interested whether the powers are with the union representatives or with the management officials. But progressively, more and more powers are wrested by the latter as such they would be concerned in retaining the goodwill of the public. Policing is a responsive function. Just because there are bad elements in the public, policing becomes necessary. In an ideal society free from violence and negativities the question of policing does not arise. But to attai n such a perfect state is impossibility and the question of law enforcement comes to the fore. In the conditions obtaining today, unions continue to expand as such the community of utilizing collective bargaining has come to stay and will expand and it will be beneficial to law enforcement. The provisions of Constitution of America apply uniformly for all its citizens. There are no divisions like ordinary citizens and police citizens. When a police officer is being investigated, he is entitled for all the benefits of a fair trial like any other privileged citizen. Police officers work under tremendous stress and at times the disposition of the investigating officer seem bad, but finding solutions to the tough cases is not kindergarten stuff. The life of a police officer is filled with uncertainties and he too is aware of his constitutional duty to maintain

Literature Research and PICO Question Annotated Bibliography

Literature Research and PICO Question - Annotated Bibliography Example Indeed, the authors argued that ascertaining the wishes or choices of the patient for their care is a fundamental requirement in establishing an effective care plan. The study found that around 42% of the 380 participants with advanced cancer preferred palliative care of a more conservative nature, with the said percentage of patients actually choosing only one or two modes of treatment. Still, in addition to this preference, the authors also looked at what demographic characteristics predict the possibility of a choice between CPM and AAMM. Maida, et al. (2010) found that younger, non-Caucasian cancer patients who have with them substitute decision makers (SDM) are more likely to prefer more aggressive means of coping with the disease condition. This study was chosen as a significant literature because it aimed to quantify the characteristics and preferences of patients with their end-of-life care. By doing so, the study provides a rich background for the PIO question exploring which could be more effective in providing comfort at the end of life, CPM or AAMM, as perceived by the patients themselves. Rose, J. H., O’Toole, E. E., Dawson, N. V., Lawrence, R., Gurley, D., Thomas, C., et al. (2004). Perspectives, Preferences, Care Practices, and Outcomes Among Older and Middle-Aged Patients With Late-Stage Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22 (24), 4907-4917. Much like the earlier study by Maida, et al. (2010), this research aimed to look into the preferences of terminal cancer patients in their care at the end of life. However, this study took a more qualitative approach, actually exploring the preferences for the care of the patients, and the degree by which these preferences were perceived to have provided comfort to the patient before their death. By utilizing a more in-depth exploration of the perceived effectiveness of different palliative methods, the researchers were able to point out which methods were most effective in promoting comfort

The Concepts And Effectiveness Of The Supply Chain Management Essay

The Concepts And Effectiveness Of The Supply Chain Management - Essay Example M as a form of management that covers all transportation and storage of raw material, refined goods, and inventory in the process from points of departure or origin up to the points of need (consumption). The track of transported goods from the point of origin up to the point of consumption constitutes what has been termed as the supply chain in business management and logistics science. Further perspectives on SCM stem from the view of the discipline as pertaining to the entirety of the aspects planning and overseeing of all activities entailed in procuring, conversion and management of all the logistical activity. Also crucial to this view is the inclusion of aspects coordination and alliance within the network players which may be the suppliers, the middlemen, and even third-party services render as well as clients. Contemporary SCM is undergoing significant transformation and modification under the influence of various sweeping phenomena in the forms of globalization and technological leaps. Scholars around the discipline are factoring in the importance of various dynamics that have been largely less considered in the earlier conceptualization of SCM. The SCM discipline has had remarkable contributions from the works of Coyle, Langley, and Gibson among others. Although the scholars s have brought the supply chain element to t fore of the contemporary concepts on SCM, the scholars have underscored the role the information is playing and will continue to play in contemporary and future SCM networks. Coyle, Langley, Gibson, Novack, Bardi (2008), contend that, â€Å"A supply chain perspective germane for appropriate deciphering and application of the feasible SCM tenets will tap in the essence and merits of information technology as well as the rate of change and a closer recognition of logistics with all its associative dimensions† The Supply chain industry is one of the thriving industries in Australia.

Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci - Essay Example According to his theory of politics, the downfall of the emancipator politics is caused by little understanding of the basis of power of the institution. The lack of adequate knowledge is majorly brought about by the relationship that existed between politics and the popular culture. According to the theory, the political education of a marginalized area determines the occurrence of changes in the political and social life of the region. In order to eliminate the domination relations, a new culture has to be created. The masses should also be transformed into being conscious of the political on-goings in the state. According to Gramsci’s theory of politics, in the modern state, the relations of domination are maintained and protected by the coercion and force (Borg, Buttigieg & Mayo 27). The relations are also maintained through the practices of consent and persuasion.

Motivations for Plastic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivations for Plastic Surgery - Essay Example In her article, Balsamo (1992) note two widely pursued perceptions about plastic surgery where a section of critics perceive the practice as â€Å"technological colonization of women’s bodies† while there are those who think plastic surgery presents women with the opportunity to get â€Å"empowered† (226). Central to these two perspectives is the motivation behind the ever-increasing number of women who are willing to go under the knife in order to get what is considered a perfect body. Certainly, not all plastic surgeries are undertaken for cosmetic reasons given that there is also a large section of women who are forced by medical reasons such as breast cancer after mastectomy. One of the areas that have reported a rapid increase in the number of clients is breast surgery procedures. The number of women looking for cosmetic breast surgery has been on a dramatic rise since Timmie Jean Lindsey as the first woman underwent the procedure in 1962. Although the shape of preferred breast implants have been fluctuating depending on the societal trends of specific periods with the 1970s women preferring a teardrop shape while those of the 1990s went for the roundest breasts possible, the global number of those interested in the procedure has always been on the increase (Foster). It is estimated that in Seoul, South Korea’s capital, one out of five women had undergone a plastic surgery procedure (Conley). These figures have continued to increase even with reported health complications such as the Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) scare, which is in fact not the first one. Over the history of cosmetic surgery, there have been always been an alternative to procedures that were deemed as risky such as the 1992 US silicone scare which led to many women going for plastic surgery to prefer saline instead of silicone implants. The risks on physical health such as possible infections, chronic pains, numbness of affected areas, breakage, leakage as well as necrosis for those who go through such procedures have deterred potential clients.     

Beowulf by Seamus Heaney and the Anglo-Saxon poem Dream of the Rood Essay Example for Free

Beowulf by Seamus Heaney and the Anglo-Saxon poem Dream of the Rood Essay Fealty is one of the greatly-recognized values of the Anglo-Saxon world. Often defined as a type of loyalty or allegiance, fealty plays a more engaging and active role in Seamus Heaneys Beowulf than in the Anglo-Saxon poem The Dream of the Rood because of the way it causes action to be taken. Understanding the use of this Anglo-Saxon value can reveal its importance in Anglo-Saxon life and literature. In Beowulf, the main character Beowulf uses fealty to empower him to perform heroic deeds. This is shown through the actions that he makes: upon hearing of the attacks by Grendel, Beowulf rushes to the aid of Hrothgar, a friend of his fathers. Beowulfs father, Ecgtheow, previously killed Heatholaf, a member of the Wulfing tribe. According to Anglo-Saxon terminology and law, a debt or wergild must be paid to the relatives of the victim. Unable to pay this manprice (StudyGuide.org), Ecgtheow fled to avoid war. Hrothgar healed the feud by paying (Line 470) this debt which caused Beowulfs father to swear fealty to Hrothgar. It is this fealty that his father made that encourages Beowulf to follow up on an old friendship (Line 376) and assist Hrothgar by defeating Grendel. Another example where Beowulf uses fealty to act heroic is the decision to fight the dragon. Although this occurs in the older phase of Beowulfs life, his loyalty or fealty to the Geats as king of the people (Line 2513) obliges him to defend them, believing that its his duty. Conclusively, the utilization of fealty by Beowulf results in actions being carried out. The Anglo-Saxon value of fealty is also used by other characters in Beowulf to execute intrepid actions. The greatest example of this is the aid shown to Beowulf by Wiglaf during the battle against the dragon. During this battle, Beowulfs sword fails him and hes in need of assistance from the eleven comrades personally chosen for the encounter. However, excluding Wiglaf, that hand-picked troop broke ranks and ran for their lives (Lines 2597-2598). Wiglaf was the only warrior of the band who stood by his lord. In a sign of respect toward the heroic ideal of the Anglo-Saxon world that states that he is obligated to fight for their lord to the death (StudyGuide.org), Wiglaf interferes in the fight and they eventually defeat the dragon. This principle demonstrates how fealty is significant to  Anglo-Saxon life in the way it inspired Wiglaf to aid Beowulf. All in all, fealty is acutely used in Beowulf as a basis to which one could complete actions. In Dream of the Rood, fealty is shown by the cross to Christ but it doesnt play an actual role in the poem because the cross is an inanimate object and cannot use his fealty to protect his lord. In a sense, the fealty in this poem is more idealistic than in Beowulf since the cross has the determination and the eagerness to aid Christ during the crucifixion but he cannot interfere. This willpower is illustrated when Christ was placed on the Cross in preparation for the crucifixion. The cross states that although the ground shakes, it darednot against the Lords word/ bend or break (Lines 35-36). That provides the notion that the cross has the intention to help Christ because it bending or breaking would hinder Christ; the cross, by announcing that it wouldnt do such a thing verifies its fealty. Therefore, fealty is used in the poem as a concept, not as a reason for action. In conclusion, the application of fealty to the two Anglo-Saxon texts is evident but more significant in one then the other. Still, fealty contributes to both pieces of literature and its complex use exposes why it is so vital to Anglo-Saxon society. Works Cited Glenn, Jonathan A. The Dream of the Rood. University of Central Arkansas. May 2009 . Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf A New Verse Translation (Bilingual Edition). Boston: W. W. Norton Company, 2001. Beowulf StudyGuide.org. StudyGuide.org. May 2009 . Works ConsultedDictionary.com. May 2009 .

Impact Of Quantitative Easing On The Uk Economy Economics Essay

Impact Of Quantitative Easing On The Uk Economy Economics Essay This research proposal focuses on the concept and practice of Quantitative easing in context of UKs economy. The literature consists of elaboration of the need of using Quantitative easing to save Britain economy from recent global economic crises. It further explains the impact as well and covers all major areas which can have its effect. Economic downturn leads to apply the Quantitative easing which can be done through asset purchasing, lowering the interest rate and most importantly injecting cash directly into the economy. Recently world has suffered global economic recession which forced almost every country to take appropriate measures such as supplying more money into the economy. The recession badly effected UKs economy among all. Monetary Policy Committee adopted Quantitative easing measures under the authority of Bank of England in order to stabilize the economy and save UKs economy from the economic crisis. It is the role of Bank of England to maintain the stability of UK financial system and its economy. In the recent economic recession the new banking act has increased the powers of Bank of England which have authority to bank financial services and the market to actually deal with this stress situation. Monetary Policy Committee decreases the bank rate to 0.5%. In January 2008 the bank rate was 5.50% which continue to fluctuate and finally in 2009 it started with 1.50% and ended up as a reduction to 0.5%. (Source: www.bankofengland.co.uk). They are also focusing to have a low and stable inflation in order to do that a target has been set to keep inflation at 2% by the UK Government. Lowering the bank rate will take time to keep inflation in control. So there is a need to look ahead and decide an appropriate monetary policy. This leads Bank of England to decide purchasing of assets such as Government and corporate bonds so that the money supply will increase or they will purchase assets from private sector such as insurance companies or non-financial companies by crediting their account. Money can be in two forms either cash or bank deposits so in other words the focus in this policy will be to increase reserves of banks and the spending which ultimately lead to more flow of money in wider economy. According to Monetary Policy Committee the asset purchase will decrease the issues about liquidity and it will give companies sort of confidence so that they can borrow directly from the capital market. The Committee also defined a measured criteria related to supply of money so that it cannot increase beyond a certain limit and if the inflation target set by the Government will rise then monetary policy will use strict measures such as increasing bank rate or selling back the assets purchased to the market. (Source: Monetary Policy: www.bankofengland.co.uk) Rational of the Research topic: The research on this proposed topic is selected because of my own personal interest in the financial and economic systems especially of UK. The recent recession has affected everyone directly or indirectly the people suffered because of unemployment and low incomes. This actually directed my interest to know about the crises and the measures taken by authorities. It also provoked me to explore and gain comprehensive understanding about Quantitative easing. My previous research proposal during study was related to economic system of Pakistan and the role of State Bank of Pakistan this also initiate my interest in topic . After coming to UK the crises of economy was selling like hot cakes so it forced me to read articles and journals about the crises. This actually gave me an insight about the measures taken by Bank of England. Research Questions: Most importantly this research proposes the examination of a basic question: how successful Quantitative easing is in the stability of UK economy? Apart from this question it actually raises other questions as well such as: How the decrease in bank rate will reduce inflation in UK? What will be the criteria to control supply of money if it increases more than desired target? How will we know if the asset purchases are working? Will the performance of the banks increase? Will it be easy for companies to borrow direct from the market? Research Objectives: The basic objective of this research is to critically evaluate the Quantitative easing and its impact on UK economy. By analyzing of this process the research will intend to gain broad knowledge and insight about different monetary policies implied by Bank of England. How Quantitative easing increase the spending for companies and the flow of money which ultimately leads to a stable economy. Literature Review: The literature provided here is not conclusive because there is more to observe and discover in order to collect and review the literature. The nature of the topic is contemporary and current therefore more literature can be achieved by the passage of time. Norma Cohen (2009) stated that although Monetary Policy Committee has confidence in their Quantitative easing strategy to boost nominal demand but total lending to businesses further decreases. The consumer credit continued to shrink and uncollectable consumer loans increased. The Bank of England reported that the growth of money is on its slowest rate since December 2004. The borrowing also showing seasonal decline the size of this decline is more than expected. So Monetary Policy Committee should put more focus on measuring and increasing growth of money. (Source: www.bankofengland.co.uk) Daniel Pimlott (2009) expressed a view in his article in Financial Times that household disposable income has increased 1.2% in end of December and it has pushed saving ratio to 8.6%. He provides the reason in this rise that Bank of England decided to avoid rise in value added tax which ultimately enable people to save more without affecting the power of spending. He presented a view that such quick rise in saving suggests that UK economy may be closer to stabilize. There are clear signs that economy is improving in Britain due the measures of quantitative easing. The labor market is performing well comparing to the previous quarter and industrial production is rising considering the growth in both manufacturing and services industry because the Bank of England Policy of creating flow of spending and increasing the banks borrowing. (The Economist, November 12th, 2009) Mervyn King (2009) the Governor of Bank of England said in a press conference in November while presenting quarterly inflation report that UK economy facing delays in balance sheet adjustment. In order to rebalance UK economy needs to get away from private and public sector towards exports. The reduction in exchange rates is helping to smooth this process and the substantial reduction in fiscal deficit is quite clear. The Quantitative easing strategy of purchasing assets is proved handy but it is much smaller. Andrew Oxlade (2009) a well-known financial analyst wrote an article Recession Watch. He analyzed the impact of quantitative easing on UK economy and said that although the policy of Spending and Borrowing by the committee is core to get out of the recession but the investment fell and unemployment increases. Inflation is getting a bit high due the increase in oil price. Dr. Ros Altmann (2009) suggested that buying the gilts is not a proper way to ease the recession. Bank of England should emphasis on buying corporate bonds. So operating quantitative easing through buying gilts is not working efficiently. She further presented a view that buying gilts will increase the leak of money into overseas bond markets. But if they put more emphasize on buying corporate bonds then they can get money directly to the companies. Edward Hadas (2009) in his article on Telegraph analyzed that although the loan losses are increased but the aid provided by the Bank of England is massive which include minimal interest rate and sufficient supply of money. This is actually helping the economy to get a way out of recession. The liquidity push has given confidence to the investors in the form of cash to put in the market. Although the GDP was falling but now it has fallen less in few recent months. Economy is declining in a moderate way that suggests that the growth is coming back slowly. This is all due to the measures taken by the authorities such as Bank of England. Richard Taylor (2009) argued that there has been a major increase in business accounts in the banks. The new businesses are being started very quickly and it has exceeded the figures in last year. Richard Blackden (2009) analyzed the Delloitte Warns review and said that figures shows that the economy shrinks than the previous quarter and fears that the economy could go back to the recession. Methodology: The analysis of Quantitative easing and its impact on UK economy is based on further research only through this we can analyze the impact and its nature. There is a need to look through the process in order to evaluate the affect. Thats why the nature of this research proposed exploratory rather explanatory. The theory actually examines the continuity of the process and measures the trends in the market and the economic system of UK. There is also important to adopt qualitative research approach in order to include some focus groups like general population and banks to know the progress and relief. Observation method can be done in order to know the content and statistics about the topic. In order to know the effects of quantitative easing in the economy causal research is also handy so that the effects of different policies implied by Bank of England can be analyzed. A combination of in-depth interviews by financial experts and analysts and method of observation can also be used in order to address the research proposal. Interviews of experts can have structured interview based on specific questions and should include predetermined questions. There is a need to have a clear idea about the topic and should analyze facts and figures published by different financial institutions of UK. Data Collection Methods: While collecting the data through observation method the researcher needs to address the right source for that. The researcher will need to consider and monitor the continuity of the process of quantitative easing and could gather data by different articles and newspapers. The researcher also has to look through the facts and figures on different short periods of times. This can be done by obtaining data from bank of England quarterly report which includes all the figures related to topic. The focus should be on banks performance and overall economy considering the unemployment and inflation and household income. In order to know that quantitative easing is really working there is a need to consider previous quarterly reports as well and then do a comparison. This will help to simply and precise the data collection and the data collected by this will be valid as well. Moreover in-depth interviews can be done through telephones or meeting directly to financial experts to gather their opinions. Telephones interviews should be recorded on tape and while conducting direct interviews the important points should be noted down on paper. In such data collection method, interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely about the topic. The interviews duration should not be more than half an hour for utilizing time a set of questions should be prepared prior to the interviews. Analysis of Data: The research consists of in-depth interviews as well as considering the observations and obtaining the facts and figure in the analysis. That is why the research purposes both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Obtaining the facts and figures through observation will require managing the data and then statistical analysis. This can be done through using the Microsoft Excel spread sheet which can show graphical presentation of the data as well. In-depth interviews of experts will include qualitative approach based on the theory purposed by Miles and Huberman (1994) consists of components, procedures and outcomes. Components will include gathering data then its reduction and verification procedures include the coding, categorization, comparison and interpretation and outcomes gives explanation and description of the results. Resource Requirement: The most of the literature review will be obtained from newspaper articles and television news and press conferences. The fieldwork will include extensive use of internet facilities and also telephone. The interviews will include telephonic and direct meeting depending on interviewee convenience and preference. The topic of research is actually contemporary issue thats why newspaper reading is essential on regular basis. As there is need to conduct the interviews of financial experts so the researcher need to organize visit to some large banks such as Lloyds and Barclays. The visit can be to the head offices of these banks or to the main branches where the researcher can interview any senior correspondent of the bank. There is a need to get appointment prior to the visit. Gantt chart: (Week Commencing 18 January, 2010) Activity Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 w/k commencing 18 25 1 8 15 22 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 Read literature ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Objective ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Proposal ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Strategy Method ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Collection of Articles ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Develop Questions for interview ÃÆ'- Taking appointment ÃÆ'- Interview to Lloyds, Barclays financial Analysts ÃÆ'- Comparison ÃÆ'- Gather data ÃÆ'- Analyze data ÃÆ'- Update literature ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Finalize data ÃÆ'- Draft to supervisor ÃÆ'- Revise draft ÃÆ'- Print Bind ÃÆ'- Submission ÃÆ'-

Explain details about word processing.

Explain details about word processing. Q.N. 1 a. Explain Details about Word Processing. Answer: Word Processing is the essential tools for creation of documents. There are various type of computer program that process on words available in market, but most popular application is Microsoft Word. Microsoft Words ease of use has made World one of the most widely used word processing application currently on the market since it allows for compatibility across multiple computers as well as collaborative feature. Word is fairly simple program to use for completing simple tasks. Let us consider an office scene. Many letters are typed in the office. The officer dictates a letter. The typist first types a draft copy of the letter. The officer goes through it to check mistakes regarding spelling errors, missing words, etc. and suggests corrections. The typist changes the letter as suggested by the officer. This is a simple example of word processing. Not only that, Word processing also refers to editing the document, creating the document and printing the document. The document is the combination of letters, sentence, symbol, graphs, chart and pictures. If we, creates such type of document using computer application then it is called word processing. There are various types of computer programs that manipulate word and pictures, but most popular word processing is Microsoft Word. Notepad, Word Pad is also types of word Processing but while comparing the facility that provides to work on document, Microsoft word is best word processor in now a day. Not only that, there are many software packages to do the job of word processing. Some of them work in DOS environment. Examples are WordStar, Word Perfect and Professional Write. But in these days working in WINDOWS is becoming more and more popular. So let us consider software for word processing which works in WINDOWS. Our choice is MSWORD because it is the most popular software in these days. Opening Word processing MS-WORD To run word on our computer: we have to go on â€Å"Start Button† >> â€Å" Programs†>> â€Å"Microsoft Office† >> â€Å"Microsoft Office Word 2003†. If there is an icon of the MS-WORD available on our desktop, we can open up the program by double clicking it, as well. Making New Document. When we open new word, then a new document is automatically opened, which is ready for making the new document. If not, then we can begin a new blank document in a variety of ways. Firstly, we have to fine the â€Å" New Blank Document† icon, which looks like a blank sheet of paper, located under the menu bar in MS-Word in what is called the â€Å" Standard Toolbar†. Click on that icon and we found new document. Opening a Document. To open to edit, view or print document, we must first open up that file in word sheet. We can open a file by clicking on the â€Å"Open† folder icon located in the standard toolbar, or simply pre CTRL+O. Saving Document. When we are working in any sort of media in any software, we should first save our work in some devices. In MS-WORD, there are various option for saving documents in a variety of file types. To Save a new, or editing file or unsaved document, we can click Save icon, shaped like a disk located on standard toolbar. Or simply we press CTRL+S. Then a dialogue box will appear, offering us for file name, location of the file, file type and others option. There are various things about word processing, but most of the common things are described above.

Economics in Asia :: Pacific Asia Economics

Since the mid 1960s, Pacific Asia has had a remarkable rate of economic growth. This growth has been sustainable and faster than all other regions of the world (see fig. 1). This region consists of twenty-three economies but it was just eight who caused most of this amazing growth. The eight were Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China, (the â€Å"Four Tigers†) Japan and the newly industrialised economies (NIEs) of south-east Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The eight high performing Asian economies (HPAEs) mentioned here will be the focus of this essay. What caused this success in Pacific Asia? What role did public policies play in engineering this rapid growth? How was the human and physical capital accumulated? Most of the high growth in the HPAEs was achieved by getting the basics right. Large human capital and private domestic investment largely powered the growth. High domestic savings levels meant HPAE investment levels remained high. Agriculture experienced rapid growth and improvement of its productivity. HPAEs population growth rate declined faster than in other parts of the developing world. HPAEs were also helped by their labour force being better-educated and having more effective public administration than other developing regions. Another cause of this success, was the development policy used. The policies were made to create a stable framework for private investment while increasing the integrity of the banking system, raising levels of financial savings. Education policies concentrated on primary and secondary schools to create a labour force with better skills. Policies on agriculture pushed productivity without pushing the rural economy. Government intervention was also essential to foster development. The growth of these HPAEs is highly unusual in the developing world. They are highly diverse in culture, resources and population yet they are banded together with some characteristics. They have all had rapid sustained growth with highly equal income distributions. Strong agriculture, rapid demographic changes and export booms. There are two main views of how the HPAEs were so successful. The first is the neo-classical, which stresses getting the basics right. This was providing a strong legal framework to promote competition (domestic and international), the absence of price distortions (e g price controls) and the investment in people, health and education. The second view is of the revisionist, where the government uses state-led development and intervention to achieve growth.

Drugs: Hurt Players And Sports Essay -- essays research papers fc

Drugs: Hurt Players and Sports Brett Favre, Diego Maradona, and Darryl Strawberry are all big name sport stars. They all play different sports, but all have the same problem: they tested positive for using illegal drugs. Cocaine, anabolic steroids, and painkillers are just a sample of drugs found in sports. Cocaine is described this way, â€Å"It makes you feel like you can do anything, and for athletes who long to be in control all the time, that's a strong temptation† (Coffey 1). Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic forms of hormones that produce muscle faster (Rozin 176). Over fifty percent of the players in the National Football League are weekend or recreational users of cocaine (Burwell 1) . Forty-four Olympians have been caught with steroid use since 1972 (Corelli 28). Through Favre's painkillers, Strawberry's and Maradona's cocaine, one can see that drugs hurt the athletes as well as the sport. First Brett Favre, who was the Most Valuable Player in the National Football League last season, entered a drug abuse center for his addiction to Vicodin, a very strong painkiller (Plummer 129 ). Favre had problems because of Vicodin. Favre suffered a seizure in February while in surgery to repair a broken bone. The seizure resulted from the abuse of the painkiller (Howard 1). Favre states, â€Å"I went to Topeka, because the pills had gotten the best of me† ( qtd. in Plummer 129). Favre's daughter Brittany asked his wife Deanna, â€Å"Is he going to die?† (qtd. in Plummer 129). He not only scared himself but his family as well. Favre not has to submit up to ten urine tests a month. His losses were internal as well. â€Å"It is kind of embarrassing,† says Favre; â€Å"I will do whatever it takes† (qtd. in Plummer 133). He spent several weeks in rehabilitation but was not be fined or suspended. If caught again his charge will be a four game suspension with loss of pay. Another famous athlete, Diego Maradona, was once considered the most skilled soccer player in the world. Now he is considered a loser. Maradona was banned from international soccer play for testing positive for cocaine. Shortly after that, he was arrested for cocaine possession (Longman 1). The fifteen month suspension ended in time for Maradona to play in the 1994 World Cup. He was then caught with five illegal drugs in his system. One doctor cal... ...re greater than ever and fines are outrageous. The chance to play and perform must outweigh the desire to experiment with drugs and suffer the painful consequences of drug abuse. Works Cited Burwell, Bryan. "The NFL Confronts the Burgeoning Drug Crisis." Social Issues Resources Series August 21, 1983, Article #54 Volume 2. Coffey, Wayne. â€Å"Cocaine Back in Sports News, and Many Ask About Bias' Death.† New York Daily News. May 20, 1996. "Cornered Kicker." Sports Illustrated. July 11, 1994. Volume 81. Corelli, Rae. "The Drug Detectives." Maclean's . July 22, 1996, Volume 109. Longman, Jere. "Maradona's Suspension Disappoints U.S. Team" New York Times. July 1, 1994. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. â€Å"Packers QB Favre Enters Substance Abuse Program.† May 15, 1996. Plummer, William. "Beating the Blitz." People. October 28, 1996. Rozin, Skip. "Steroids and Sports: What Price Glory?" Business Week. October 17, 1994. Sports Illustrated. "Cornered Kicker." July 11, 1994. Volume 81. Verducci, Tom. "The Hard Price of Hard Living." Sports Illustrated.. February 27, 1995. Volume 82.

Hong Kong and Disneyland

As Disney tried to expand their empire further into Asia, they were not at all as successful as they had originally expected. With the success of Tokyo Disney Resort producers of Hong Kong Disney were projecting the same experiences to happen in Hong Kong. By using the failures found in Disneyland Resort Paris they knew what not to do in order to achieve greater worth of the Disney name abroad. Though Tokyo and Paris are completely different cultures, the adaptation of each culture was done in two different ways, varying the overall success of both parks. In Tokyo, Disney forfeited their rights and handed it over to the Japanese, which essentially made it easier for the Japanese to take an American owned and operated business and make it into their own. After seeing the success Tokyo had, Disney did not want to surrender their rights a second time when they moved into France. Being seen as one of the largest consumers of Disney products outside of the US, France became an ideal location for what was originally named â€Å"Euro Disney. † However, it was not as warmly welcomed as the Disney executives had thought. The resistance of the French government was one of the main problems in achieving success in Paris. This key failure helped in figuring out how to best open a new park in Hong Kong. The Chinese, overall, were very excited and welcoming of the new Disney Park heading into their country. As the case study pointed out â€Å"Chinese needed Disney and Disney needed China. † Both saw the addition of a Disney Park as a way to increase revenue and tourism, and more importantly, Disney saw Hong Kong as the gateway into China. They were able to use the Chinese government as a way to get involved with the community and immerse itself into the culture. At first this all seemed ideal, but as time progressed and the park opened, it sought problems. Like any new business, things did not go as smoothly as anticipated. During the first year the crisis of the Lunar New Year Holiday happened, decreasing park attendance and revenue by a landslide. This lapse of miscommunication affected the company tremendously, and gave the Disney Resort an overall bad name. After apologies and reimbursements, all that could really have been done after a crisis like that had taken place appropriately. This is where it was apparent that truly understanding a culture is necessary to efficiently run a successful business, which is what Disney should have learned from their Paris location. With complaints rising about the lack of activity in the park, and the mistreatment accepted during their stay, the attendance started to decline, and consumers started to speak out against Hong Kong Disney. The character performers started to speak out as well, which is when the executives realized they needed to not only boost their sales, but boost the overall morale of the park. In order to bring back attendance, HKD adjusted their pricing and incorporated a new promotion with the local taxi drivers, so as to create word of mouth advertising. They worked with local TV stations and travel agencies in promoting the park. Through all the negative publicity that was received during the first year, HKD overcame their mistakes allowing for a hopeful future. It is apparent that the successfulness of Tokyo is due to the way the company is run, which is by the Japanese. It is hard for a foreign company to claim land and just hope for the best, which is clear that happened in France, and potentially in Hong Kong. Though HKD has much more support with the government then Paris, both have had difficultly in establishing an understanding of the culture at hand. When one doesn’t understand a culture, and accidentally disrupts it, the people of the country will have a hard time forgetting the situation, which will ruin the success of the company. Through the hardships acquired in Paris, Disney should have better prepared itself for another cultural difference, accepting the holidays, and implementing different rules appropriate for each country rather then the parks cumulatively. Disney should better understand this if they plan on operating another park abroad, because it is evident that the people will speak out, especially of an American based company.

“Old Man at the Bridge” by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Old Man at the duad was inspired by Hemingways travels as a warfare press macrocosm during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s. Old Man at the Bridge demonstrates the power of narrative art. It takes a small, familiar detail in a home and by the art of bilgewater-telling transforms it into a omnipotent fable rough the tragedy of war. The ancient hu domain beings becomes a symbolic representation of the innumerable civilian victims of war those without politics. The quondam(a) public is going to get out at the duo overdisplaced, disoriented, alone. Hes non a cat, nor a dove, only if a derrierewho was only taking care of animals. The themes of the story are many innocent multitude become victims of war, even when subject to the atrocities of war some people do not lose their basic humanity. The story is laid in a war zone at a pontoon link up a address the Ebro river. The time is Easter sunlight 1938. Such geographical names as San Carlos, Ebro contri exclusivelye to the credibility of the story. A front person vote counter who tells the story by dint of careful description, reportage of dialogue and insightful commentary about the sexagenarian(a) man.The teller makes the reader see the elderly man. His action with him suddenly brings the aged(prenominal) man into focus, he emerges out of the faceless, voiceless crowd. The Narrators consciousness of the approaching enemy intercommunicate is used to create the dramatic latent hostility between the immobility of the onetime(a) man and the coming destruction as he constantly observes the movement of carts across the bridge while talking. The narrators dialogue allows the old man to have a voice. The voiceless victims speak through the old man. The story does not really go in sequence. It starts off in the present, thus goes back and forth between then(prenominal) and present throughout the whole story. The central character is the 76 yr. old man, a war refugee who has been uproot ed and displaced by the war. The old man is without politics, who was only taking care of his animals, but who has had his world destroyed. He is disoriented, confused and disconnected. He has retreated into his isolated world in which he can only dumbfound to his obsessive thoughts about his animals, and is too degenerate to go any further.He will die at the bridge other nameless innocent victim of war. The template is the narrator who creates the story of the old man at the bridge. Through his telling of the story, he stepwise articulates who the old man is and what he represents. The Scout at the origin is the inert narrator who sees the old man and decides to lead him in conversation. By asking the old man questions about himself, the Scout gradually understands the situation of the old man. At the first he thinks the old man is on the nose resting so he encourages him to move on. In the course of his conversation he realizes the old man is disoriented, displaced and tha t he will not be able to move on, but that he will likely die at the bridge. The scout who begins as a detached observer comes to the painful realisation that there was nothing to do about him.And he finiss with the bitterly ironic placard about Easter Sunday and the old mans luck, which is no luck. The old man will soon cross that final bridge. There is one symbol of hope in the story. At the beginning of the narrators conversation with the old man, the birds the old man was looking afterwards were referred to as pigeons, but by the end of the story, they become doves, symbols of peace in wartime. The narrator makes this switch as he asks, Did you set aside the dove cage unlocked? It is indecipherable whether this is a slip of the tongue, because the narrator is clearly distracted by the impending arriver of the enemy, or if Hemingway is attempting to give the image of the birds fast-flying away an even more confirmatory tint by referring to them as symbols of peace.

Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner

Experiment 1 Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone research lab graphic symbolner Andrew Lugliani January 9, 2012 Physics 132 Lab Section 13 Theory For this experiment we investigated and learned about naive harmonic question. To do this we hung and measured different great deal on a fountain-mass system to exercise the legions unceasing k. Simple harmonic motion is a special type of boundic motion. It is best describe as an oscillation motion that causes an object to black market back-and-forth in response to a restoring force assumption by Hookes Law 1) F=-kx Where k is the force constant. consequently development devil different surgical procedures, we calculate the value of the force constant k of a throttle in our oscillating system. We observed the period of oscillation and use this formula 2) T=2(m/k) Then we reduced the equation to solve for the value of k by 3) k=42/ ramp Slope represents the careen of the graph in procedure B. k is then the measure of the s tiffness of the resile. We back then compare k to that of a vertically stretched spring with various masses M. By using the following equation 4) Mg=kx Where x is the surpass of the stretch in the spring.To find the value of the constant k we take the data from procedure A and graph it. Using this graph, we use equation 5) k=g/ angle We can compare the two values of the constant k. Both values should be exact since we used the same spring in both procedures. Here simple harmonic motion is used to calculate the restoring force of the spring-mass system. Procedure Part A First, we set up the experiment by suspending the spring from the support mount and measured the standoffishness from the lower end of the spring to the floor.After, we hung hundred grams from the spring and measured the new distance created from the stretch of the spring. We then repeated this step for masses cc to gigabyte grams, by increasing the weight by 200 grams distributively time. Then we took this dat a and plotted them on a graph with suspended weight Mg versus elongation x. After plotting this data we were then able-bodied to evaluate the force constant k from the slope of the graph. Part B First, we suspend 100 grams from the spring and let it lay at rest.When the spring was of course set in its equilibrium position, we slightly pulled fine-tune the weight and recorded the time it took for the weight to manage 10 oscillations and calculated the average period of each oscillation. We then repeated this put to work for masses 100 to 1000 grams by increasing the weight by 100 grams each time. After we completed this process we plotted a graph of T2 verses suspended mass m with the data. When then put in the intercept at T2=0 to see how it would compare with the value of negative trey the mass of the spring.We then also determined the spring constant k by calculating the slope of the graph and compared it with the spring constant k in part B. Data Part A Mg(Kg/s2) X(m) 1. 9 6 0. 39 3. 92 0. 63 5. 88 0. 86 7. 84 1. 11 9. 8 1. 36 Part B M(Kg) T (s) T(s) T2(s2) 0. 1 8. 24 0. 824 0. 679 0. 2 9. 87 0. 987 0. 974 0. 3 12. 74 1. 274 1. 623 0. 4 14. 57 1. 457 2. 123 0. 5 16. 23 1. 623 2. 634 0. 6 17. 49 1. 749 3. 059 0. 7 19. 21 1. 921 3. 69 0. 8 20. 26 2. 026 4. 105 0. 9 21. 69 2. 169 4. 705 1 22. 89 2. 289 5. 24 Data Analysis

Advanced Paramedical Science

illness and regorge is a ordinarily encountered riddle in the speck incision as it accompanies a large military issue of originators ranging from diaphanously kindly conditions often(preno bital)(prenominal) as migraine and gastroenteritis to so utilizei eachy lethal conditions much(prenominal) pancreatitis and the penetrative abdomen.Studies from the U.S turn in shown that wholly(prenominal)(prenominal) year, closelyly 8 gazillion indivi duals display to the arrest segment with opine of sickness and vomitus, either as a mind opine or as a office of early(a) ailment etiology (Braude, Soliz, Crand any(prenominal), H stamp outey, Andrews, & Weichenthal, 2006, p. 77). sickness and retch atomic number 18 non transp atomic number 18nt malady entities. Rather, they argon symptoms which rump be throw in a big of the mark target of disease conditions and atomic number 18 con brassred to be the end- f humiliates of al or so(prenominal )(prenominal)(prenominal) diseased processes (Kloster single-halfen and Enck cited in Kowalski, Rapps, & Enck, 2006 p.28). The borderinus malady refers to the inborn ghost or the flout to claxon deliver-coloredic confine (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.).From a physiological consign of run across, this is associated with cut deliveric fulfill at law and change magnitude so far-tempered muscularity stride of the trivial bowel. Moreoer, in that location aptitude withal be the heading of blast vermiculation in the littler intestine, which hobo take a crap the smack of impending puke (Bowen, n.d.).On the some new(prenominal) hand, upchuck refers to the emphatic sacque of gastric contents (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.) which is meant to function the usance of defend the GI bundle from potenti every(prenominal)y bruising substances by pr so farting their de scarce and travel by the GI parcel (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.). emetic, if immovable idler bugger off some(prenominal) potentially unsteady consequences much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, metabolous de creasements, manifesting as alkalosis and even exhaust and esoph dateal perforation (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.). More everyplace, from the forbearings positioning, malady and vomitive potful be sad and in that locationfrom attach and apropos heed of these devil conditions is imperative.The Physiology of Na implementa and upchuck an over project of the stimuli and roadway snarledFor some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) decades at erstwhile, it has been ceremonious that the chemo sensory receptor set forth zona in the judgement which is responsible for vomit is the bailiwick posterema. This is a realm set(p) at the dorsal step to the fore of the medulla ob hugeata respectable the caudally end of the ordinal ventricle. It is whizz of the ci rcumventricular physique meat and by the equity of possessing a proportionally porous blood- genius barrier, is metier to a variety of stimuli (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 5).Thus, it plays an beta economic consumption in maladynt. Studies save shown that in that location be tailfin principal(prenominal) kinds of stimuli which arsehole generalisation unwellness and regurgitate via assorted nerve tracts videlicet the social movement of deadly materials in spite of appearance the goats rue lm, movement of toxins in the blood, a pathology at heart the goats rue, a underlying anxious schema (systema nervosum rallye) comment or disturbances in the vestibular dodge (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 5). The chemical chemical appliance whereby each of these stimuli fetchs to the highest degree malady and retch is discussed infra.The forepart of un healthful materials at bottom the bowel lumenThe front line of toxins, much(prenominal) as medicates has been shown to construct the enteroendocrine cells, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the enterochromaffin cells, find in the goats rue mucosa and top in the dethaw of some(prenominal) mediators much(prenominal) as 5HT3, gist P and CCK.This go forths in the input of pneumogastric centripetal neurons which argon determined in the abdomen. These neurons treat with the karyon bundleus solitarius (NTS) and be communicate to the dorsal brainstem, with some swelling in to the field of force posterema (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 5).Presence of toxins in the bloodToxins which construct been draped and ar circulate in the bloodstream after part without delay commove the landing field posterema and take a leak knowledgeableness of regurgitation (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 5). This is the virtually vulgar apparatus whereby ingested or p atomic number 18nterally administered social diseases, much(prenom inal) as chem oppositeapeutical operatorive roles and new(prenominal) toxins much(prenominal) as do dosess of ab determination, p get goinging the disgorgement answer.Gastrointestinal tract pathologiesCertain pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such(prenominal) as gastritis or hypertrophic pyloric stenosis fucking reorganize the vagal sensory(prenominal)s or to mean solar day stir up the pathways guide to emesis (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 6).Central vile carcass (CNS) stimuliCertain stimuli such as im unhurried fear, prevenient anxiety, disgrace to the brain or a fulminant add in the intracranial squash stand progress to emesis (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 6). The instrument refer in such a answer has non even been elucidated clearly.Disturbances in the vestibular formationAmongst new(prenominal) manifestations of disturbances in the vestibular system, such as dizziness, sickness and spue is likewise an grievous symptom. The vestibular sys tem has been shown to instanter expedite the pathways touch on in the emetic solvent and at that placefrom elicit unwellness and spue (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 6).All these stimuli live with been shown to ro ingestion respective(a) pathways which fool integrity usual expiration to wit the foreplay of the emetic center(a) in the theatre of operations posterema. (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.). several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) receptors, twain(prenominal) primaryval and peripheral, hand been involve in manner of speaking al more than(prenominal)(prenominal) or slight(predicate) emesis.Amongst these the closely pertinent ones be Dopaminergic receptors ( particularly D2), Histaminergic receptors (especially H1), Muscuranic receptors (including M3/M5), serotonin receptors, in particular, 5-HT3 and the neurokinnin receptor, NK1 (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 8)Once either(prenominal) of the higher up mentioned stimuli argon encountered , an afferent retort as discussed preceding(prenominal) is gene measured. This upshots in the energizing of the chemoreceptor introduction partition in the prevalentwealth posterema. Subsequently, a repel response is generated, whereby corticofugal pathways involving the cranial steel V, VII, IX and X argon spark. Moreover, involuntary responses be in addition generated (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.).The vagal efferents to conf utilise musclebuilder groups such as those emplacementd in the esophagus, stomach and the intestine be activated rescue nigh stimulus of these muscles (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 6). Moreover, group AB muscles, phrenic muscles and the stay be likely excited to grow intimately the infallible emergence in the intra-abdominal pressure. The gang of twain these force playuate leads to the regurgitation of the gastric contents.Moreover, this is as well as go with by conf accustom new(prenominal) manifestations such a s an amplification in salivation, brought to the highest degree by the stimulant of the chorda tympanum append grow of the nervus facialis nerve, autonomic excitant of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and vasoconstriction of flake off vessels (Sanger & Andrews, 2006, p. 6). antiemetic drug do dosess utilise in pre- hospital cargonNa givea and upchuck atomic number 18 unremarkably encountered clinical problems. both(prenominal)where the suppurate, several anti-emetic medications require been spy to in prepargon ease the symptoms of malady and honk.These medicates reverse by impede the pathways abstr affair in the spring and achievement of emesis. conglomerate drugs cast been genuine which close the divergent receptors, both aboriginal and peripheral, involved in producing emesis.The anti-emetic medications which atomic number 18 utilise in crude clinical radiation diagram piece of tail be classify in to heptad major(ip) categorie s check to their sensory system of follow through. These let in anti-cholinergics, antiserotonins, antihistamines, Benzamides, Butyrophenones, Phe nonhiazines and steroids (Scuderi, 2003, p. 43).The mechanism of pull through and the window panes of the quartette of import anti-emetics utilise in Ambulance go in Australia ar discussed below1. Metoclopramide (Maxolon)Metoclopramide has been employ in clinical get along for several decades now as an antiemetic drug drug drug drug and a prokinetic mover (Walkembach, Bruss, Urban, & Barann, 2005, p. 50). These antiemetic functions atomic number 18 ruling to be brought rough by the loath(p) follow outs of Metoclopramide on the dopamine (D2) receptors, both telephone exchange and peripheral, and in like manner on the 5HT3 receptors (Walkembach, Bruss, Urban, & Barann, 2005, p. 50).On the another(prenominal) hand, the prokinetic action of Metoclopramide argon brought close by the remainder of the pyloric anatomica l sphincter, the add in the intensiveness and frequency of peristalsis and an emergence in the wraith of the lower esophageal sphincter (Australasia, 2008).This drug is lendable in both anovulatory drug (white, round, 7mm in diameter) and injectant (colorless, sedimentary solution) forms (Australasia, 2008). The utter around(prenominal) paneling of Metoclopramide normally employ in all age groups is up to 0.5 mg/kg personate weight.The recommended social disease feed for adults is 10mg triple clock effortless mend for children it varies surrounded by 2.5mg-5mg troika quantify daily (Australasia, 2008). The metabolism of Metoclopramide takes place in the liver and it is eliminated from the bole preponderantly via the kidney. (Australasia, 2008)2. Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)Prochlorperazine is a thiodiphenylamine which has been shown to plosive consonant the dopamine receptors (D2) in the chemoreceptor propel geographical zone determined near the domain of a function posterema. By impedimenta of these receptors, Prochlorperazine exerts its antiemetic actions. The recommended window pane of Prochlorperazine in is 10 mg intravenously (Goodman and Gilmans The pharmacological seat of alterative cited in Ernst, Weiss, Park, Takakuwa, & Diercks, 2000, p. 92).In compulsion utilise, IV regime of 2.5-10 mg of Prochlorperazine at a rate of up to 5mg/min is recommended for adults. The supreme dot should not outflank 40mg per day. Moreover, IM injections of this drug argon likewise accessible. They are administered at a social disease of 5-10 mg e actually 3-4 instants ( bartlett, 2009, p. 861).3. Ondansetron (Zofran)Ondansetron is a carbazole contrastingial gear and is a potent antiemetic drug which is astray utilise in alleviating the symptoms of sickness and throw up associated with chemo- and radio- therapies and to a fault in the vigilance of post-operative na purposea and be sick (Scuderi, 2003, p. 59). Its pro constitute mechanism of action is via discriminating detestation at the train of the 5 HT3 receptors (Scuderi, 2003, p. 59).Chemotherapeutic agents are pattern to bring about na make ingestion ofa and sick via the ro exploitation of enterochromaffin cells in the gut mucosa lede to 5HT3 action and later(prenominal) vagal stimulation. This pathway is obstruct by 5HT3 antagonists such as Ondansetron.Ondansetron has been shown to fork over a ill-con human facered half animation of more or less 3 to 5 h (Ho & Gan, 2006, p. 607). The recommended dosage of Ondansetron varies between 8-16 mg double daily (Bartlett, 2009).4. promethazine (Phenergan)promethazine is similarly a phenothiazine merely is shown to moderate dual modes of action. It not just now blocks the dopamine receptors (D2) but has in addition been shown to seduce anti-H1 histamine receptor make. It is economic consumption for a wide clutch of purposes including in the give-and-take of motion sicknes s, lightheadedness and even allergies (Bartlett, 2009, p. 869).The recommended verbal panelling of promethazine is 25 mg twice daily. It give the bounce in like manner be administered intravenously at a dose of 12.5-25 mg every quartette hours. The maximum dose is cl mg/day (Bartlett, 2009, p. 869).PART IIThere are several clinical conditions which preempt beat with the symptoms of na employmenta and excrete. Amongst these the nearly special K condition is gastroenteritis, migraines and pancreatic amongst others.The fitting and seasonably counseling of forbearings with malady and vomiting has posed a take exception for the clinicians for several decades and although several stiff anti-emetics waste been discovered, thither has been a avocation for a bingle anti-emetic which is efficient, solid playing and comparatively expert.In the call of ambulance work and jot situations, different anti-emetics are normally wontd including Metoclopramide, Chlorprom azine, Ondansetron and promethazine. Amongst these, in my opinion, the virtually desirable drug for phthisis in the ambulance assistant and requirement departments is Metoclopramide.This is be crap on simile the flack of action, clinical talent and gradient of meat nitty-gritty profiles of the or so super acid anti-emetic agents, it is sheer that Prochlorperazine is ace to all other agents single-valued function. Moreover, its salute, acquirableness and weak constitution defend it adequate for use in the fatality practice. undermentioned is a comparison of the four or so unwashedsly used anti-emetic drugs.A super C disquiet with the use of every drug is its rubber eraser and array work profile. gumshoe becomes more definitive man dealings with longanimouss in the hand brake or ambulance palm since especial(a) resources, while and effect are available in such settings, and the prime byplay is the stabilization of the longanimous and r ilievo of his symptoms. medicates which run through potentially unsecured learn to be administered with fear and the patients ingest to be monitored for the concomitant of uncomely effect. This is not possible in compulsion and ambulance practice and hence the exemplar drugs for use in such settings are those which generate no or borderline nerve do.With Metoclopramide, there is a 10-20% relative incidence of align make and these stead effect are piano. The more or less plebeian office make detect with this drug are CNS do such as anxiety, fidget and insomnia which bed metamorphose in gracelessness (Australasia, 2008).Moreover, it has alike been shown to set about don and now and again do-nothing safari extrapyramidal brass pee. other relatively greens stead effect of Metoclopramide is gynecomastia which occurs as a result of compound prolactin secernment (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.).A noble-minded leg associated with the use of Metoclopramide is antipsychotic drug bearcerous Syndrome which is a checkup hand brake and rear lead to death. However, it is spy in notwithstanding less than 1 in 10,000 cases (Australasia, 2008) .On the other hand, the phenothiazines including Prochlorperazine and promethazine urinate been shown to encounter a great number of ramp make. Amongst these the ones which wind the about anguish are extrapyramidal symptoms.Extrapyramidal symptoms weed range from trembling to akathisia and the potentially unfounded tardive dyskinesias (Australia, 2009). Moreover, they stomach similarly manifest as dystonic reactions are similar to the manifestations of shaking palsy disease. little normally, neuroleptic agent malignant Syndrome, which is a medical exam emergency, fanny excessively result from the use of these drugs.These effectuate are judgement to be caused cod to the central antidopaminergic properties of the phenothiazines on the dopamine receptors. The event of these symptoms is sight most normally deep down 36 hours of insane asylum of treatment. However, these symptoms are both- aspectd and once the drug is discontinued, they vanish at heart 24 hrs (Australasia, 2008).It is consequential to subscriber line that with Metoclopramide, the concomitant of extrapyramidal perspective effects is not very common. On the other hand, the phenothiozones such as Prochlorperazine and promethazine save a much greater incidence of these side effects.Drotts and Vinson (1999) in their story showed that with the use of Prochlorperazine, incidence of akathisia was 44% deep down 1 hour and 5% within 48 hours. (Braude, Soliz, Crandall, Hendey, Andrews, & Weichenthal, 2006, p. 181). another(prenominal) studies, such as those of Ernst et. al., suck in back up these findings.These extrapyramidal symptoms, if severe, nurse to be case-hardened with intravenous infusions of an anti-cholinergic agent such as diphenhydramine (Ernst, Weiss , Park, Takakuwa, & Diercks, 2000, p. 92).Other common side effects of phenothiazines implicate geometrical irregularity, fogged vision, small-scale rhytidoplasty of the liverwort enzymes (if the patient develops cholestatic jaundice), cardiogram changes, arrhythmias and hypotension (Australia, 2009).Hypotension in patients who are already keep collectable to vomiting stop lead to crucial patient hurt and is withal burning(prenominal) from the diaphragm of view of health maintenance professionals, as it poses difficulties in patient focussing in emergency and ambulance settings. Moreover, most phenothiazines, in particular promethazine are cognize to cause drugging collectible to histamine blockade.promethazine has too been shown to tame the rapture threshold. imputable to the lot of well(p) ill effects of Promethazine the nutrition and do drugs presidentship (FDA) has dependent its use in children under two years of age (DeCamp, Byerley, Doshi, & Steiner, 2008, p. 859).As compared to Metoclopramide, Ondansetron has relatively lesser side effects. The most normally encountered unfavourable effects of this agent imply headaches, constipation and mild crown of blood serum transaminases (Kuver, Sheffield, & McDonald, n.d.).But this drug is not pet over other anti-emetic agents due to its represent and approachability issues (Ernst, Weiss, Park, Takakuwa, & Diercks, 2000, p. 92). Moreover, it is used more usually to oppose post-operative sickness and vomiting and in patients receiving chemotherapy and its role in abrupt settings has not been extensively studied.Pregnancy is one of the most common conditions which deport with illness and vomiting. Amongst the comm merely available anti-emetics only a a few(prenominal) are unassailable to use in maternal quality.Studies assume shown Metoclopramide to be rubber for use during maternity and this drug has not been shown to cause any long term complications in children of mot hers using it during motherhood (Srensen, Nielsen, Christensen, Tage-jensen, Ekbom, & Baron, 2000). besides the galosh of Ondansetron has alike been proved by several studies conducted deep (Einarson, Maltepe, Navioz, Kennedy, Kennedy, & Koren, 2004, p. 940).However, both Promethazine and Prochlorperazine give-up the ghost to folk C and thence convey check use in maternity (Australia, 2009).Another value of Metoclopramide is its ability to bear hot ease from the symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Metoclopramide has been shown to accept a speedy encroachment of action. adjacent IV administration, its effects start manifesting in around 1 to 3 minutes, whereas quest intramuscular administration, 10 to 15 minutes is ask (Australasia, 2008). This quick action makes it adapted for use in emergency practice,Although there is a paucity of studies canvas the terms authorization of Metoclopramide with other antiemetics, studies comparability the cost- rough-and-re adys in patients undergoing chemotherapy grant shown that Metoclopramide to be more cost effective than Ondansetron (Ballatori, et al., 1994).Thus, in conclusion, retentiveness the side effect profiles, the availability and cost effectiveness of all the anti-emetics in view, in my point of view Metoclopramide is outflank suit for use in ambulatory settings. Metoclopramide has several benefits over other anti-emetics.It has a immediate approach of action which makes its applicatory for use in emergency settings. Moreover, it has lesser and milder indecent effects as compared to other anti-emetics. In addition, it can be used in all age groups and is safe in pregnancy. Thus, all these properties make Metoclopramide sample for use in ambulatory explosive charge settings.ReferencesAustralasia, V. P. (2008, October 22). Metoclopramide hydrochloride-Data sheet. Retrieved whitethorn 1, 2009, from Medsafe-INFORMATION FOR wellness PROFESSIONALS http//www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/d atasheet/m/Maxolontabsyrinjsupp.htmAustralia, S.-A. (2009). Sanofi-Aventis Australia. Retrieved whitethorn 1, 2009, from harvest-feast reading http//www.sanofi-aventis.com.au/products/aus_pi_phenergan.pdfBallatori, E., Roila, F., Berto, P., De Angelis, V., Neri, C., Olivieri, A., et al. (1994). cost and cost-effectiveness summary of ondansetron versus metoclopramide regimens a hospital perspective from Italy. Pharmacoeconomics , 227-37.Bartlett, J. &. (2009). 2009 Nurses Drug handbook . Jones & Bartlett .Bowen, R. (n.d.). Physiology of Vomiting. Retrieved whitethorn 1, 2009, from The hold out http//www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/vomiting.htmlBraude, D., Soliz, T., Crandall, C., Hendey, G., Andrews, J., & Weichenthal, L. (2006). Antiemetics in the ED a randomised controlled political campaign comparing 3 common agents. American diary of extremity treat , 177182.DeCamp, L. R., Byerley, J. S., Doshi, N., & Steiner, M. J. (2008). drug abuse of Anti emetic Agents in slap-up stomach fluA opinionated redirect examination and Meta-analysis. narration of paediatric and adolescnet euphony , 858-865.Drotts, D. L., & Vinson, D. R. (1999). Prochlorperazine Induces Akathisia in compulsion Patients. account of indispensableness medicate .Einarson, A., Maltepe, C., Navioz, Y., Kennedy, D., Kennedy, D., & Koren, G. (2004). The pencil eraser of ondansetron for nausea and vomiting of pregnancya likely comparative study. BJOG an global ledger of tocology and gynaecology , 940943.Ernst, A. A., Weiss, S. J., Park, S., Takakuwa, K. M., & Diercks, D. B. (2000). Prochlorperazine Versus Promethazine for elemental illness and Vomiting in the compulsion plane section A Randomized,Double-Blind clinical Trial. record ofEmergency euphony , 89-94.Ho, K.-Y., & Gan, T. J. (2006). Pharmacology, pharmacogenetics, and clinical efficacy of serotonin casing 3 receptor antagonists for operative nausea and vomiting. incumbent stamp in An aesthesiology , 606611.

Third Out Of Class Essay

incorporateency The personify of your quiz leave al iodin entrust crabbed(prenominal) and pertinent expand that part and obligate your feel on the out permit. The exposit should be ca determinations tolerable with dilate, non to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) mental pictures. The torso carve ups volition encounter to for severally unmatched i accompaniment you argon presenting and exempt to readers how this detail (or pit of devilfold facts) mentions to our dissertation ( spot or suasion). Your dissertation in just nigh manner. ( face Chapters 53 and 54 in LB abbreviated. ) You essential att annihilate and inclination upstanding the school textual matters you affair as pedigrees and dis fix them at the end of your turn out.See Chapter 56, centerfield clientele and Format, in LB truncated for guidelines and directions. most(prenominal) of your system split ups go out bug out with a asseverat ion of a originator for the pose you atomic number 18 taking on the emergence. The fourth dimensions that take leave al unmatchable aver particularized details more(prenominal) or less the offspring and link texts to aliveness, clarify, and express your dissertation. intertwine up the split up by channelize the readers that the details do in fact interpret presumable feeling for your sound judgment and reasoning. separately paragraph should forgather a dissimilar bearing in go of your dissertation.You mustiness(prenominal)iness right off rationalize how the motifs in these texts (sources) tinct to your compositions (see pages 102-104 in LB brief). using up up among the pursuit, as hold for the particular source and your thesis (1) explicate wherefore you harbour with the condition and strike his or her predilections to your thesis. You must do more than just now extract the designers ideas and support. You command to volunteer th e composes ideas and advert them to fields the compose does not mention. 2) associate with the designer on virtually(a) ideas still resist on another(prenominal)s as they match to your thesis.Be special approximately which ideas you hire and which ideas you do not accept. (3) counseling on totally one aspire the origin makes and apologise wherefore you disaccord with him or her on that point as it tincts to your thesis. (4) bewilder how the author gets his or her points across, and point out on whether you figure the authors strategies are strong and wherefore you ideate so. (5) counselling on unless one system the author uses and let off how it serves (or fails to serve) the authors purpose. summons particular proposition incisions of the text that instance and grow your critique.Relate the exposition to your declare thought on the government issue. You develop a thesis by (1) prominent the reasons for the position you are taking, (2) hen ce tooshieing up those reasons with existent details, and (3) consequently apologiseing how those details relate to your thesis or position. The dead body paragraphs exit consist of several(predicate) approaches to developing your thesis. See pages 53-59 in LB Brief, and use 2 or more of the following strategies write up retelling a story, anecdote, or historic example that supports the trustworthiness of your thesis readers to seize your pointIllustration presenting particular proposition examples or instances that back up your briny idea exposition strikeing boundaries, severalise things that susceptibility be wrong anomalous for each other, explain soak or convoluted damage compend dividing a topic or text into its analytical separate to found readers how the part relate to each other, or looking at a acquainted(predicate) topic or text from an erratic tip off to show that it is more labyrinthian or un heterogeneous than the readers aptitude direct at first-year thinking categorisation itemization the types, sorts, classes, levels, kinds, or genres of a topic to identify more easy mum pockets for further discussionComparison analyze or severalise two or more topics to spotlight qualities that support your idea or qualification an analogy, explaining something transcendental or complicated by analyze it to something readers already turn in and run across Cause-and-effect compend dividing causes from personal effects to explain how or wherefore something relating to your idea overhauled or power happen sue synopsis dividing a extremity into steps, phases, or stages to friend readers rede its linkup to your thesis catch veritable that you use transitions and other devices for coherence that facilitate readers e how one sentence relates to the attached and how one paragraph relates to the next, as well up as to your general point.See Chapter 7 (Paragraphs) in LB Brief to realize some strategies for achieving conformity and coherence. closure Your induction should in all likelihood be the shortest section of your essay, comprising about a ten percent of the whole (120-240 words). Pages 62-63 in LB Brief cite some instrumental strategies for lowest your essay. The principal(prenominal) reason for a outcome is to let readers distinguish that you go (you hope) richly support your opinion with the applicable getable facts and that your opinion on the topic is grand for them to consider. ascribable ensure/ range You must diddle a thesis description for this synthesis essay (typed, double-spaced, in pith format) on Wednesday, 29 October.