Explain what is work force planning and what are the steps that involve in work force planning Essay Example for Free

Clarify what is work power arranging and what are the means that include in work power arranging Essay Work power arranging is a consistent procedure and one of the significant exercises in an association. The work power arranging process begins by breaking down the company’s technique. The consequence of this examination is then taken to figure the necessary interest for work and how this is probably going to be upheld. From that point the human asset plan would be executed which expects to convey the correct number, the ideal individuals for the business. There are 8 stages that are followed in work power arranging; 1. Work power arranging Where, when and what number of individuals will be required. An organization would increase numerous points of interest on the off chance that it demonstrations deliberately, proactively, effectively and proficiently. Likewise by intuition how it influences the technique of the association. For Ex: a few organizations in USA don't think in key way. They will simply get together in a bar and simply talk about what number of individuals are required without intuition much ahead. This would prompt disappointment. 2. Up-and-comer profiling-This implies who do we need, what is the profile of that individual that we are searching for, what ought to be the competency, what are the delicate aptitudes or hard abilities that the organization is taking a gander at of an individual and so on. This gets through the procedure of seat checking, profiling, work of science. The organization additionally needs to truly comprehend the situation of the organization, and what points of interest it gives the organization. It likewise includes anticipating the person’s accomplishment in carrying out the responsibility. 3. Utilize marking It includes the association culture, which has things like how would we address our applicants, what we look like after them, how would we brand ourselves and so on. This is a piece of the vital procedure of the association. It is important regarding how our association contrasts from other organization brandings how would we rival them by this marking and so on 4. Source the Candidate-Most organizations don’t source the correct applicant. They don’t utilize the correct way, or don’t mind the opportune individuals. Subsequently an inappropriate, up-and-comer would stay in the association and it turns into a weight to other people and the division. Sourcing implies how does an organization go to the market and do the sourcing of competitors and how would they characterize it, company’s approach of doing it. How does the organization deliberately go to the showcase, reliably after some time, where when the organization needs it, guaranteeing that all the potential applicants that has the ability foundation the organization is searching for is been drawn closer. 5. Screening and Assessing â€screening is taking a gander at the hard aptitudes and evaluation is taking a gander at the delicate abilities. 6. Determination This is procedures of cut down the number 100,200 odd candidates to a modest number by evaluating through various boundaries. An approach ought to be sketched out in doing as such. 7. Maintenance in the wake of employing them how would we keep them. The best ability securing system, the ability the executives technique is to develop individuals. Ex: onboarding/direction process, 360 degree audit, preparing activities, profession way, vocation improvement, post employment surveys, administration advancement methodology, work place study system, are the segments of what we take a gander at in the wake of recruiting someone to keep them connected with and to make them part of the association. 8. Innovation HRIS, time participation, record verifications and so forth to make that procedure computerized. This ought to be given least HR time, as much consideration ought to be given to individuals perspective as this can work completely outmodedly.

Court Case on Pre-Elclampsia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal dispute on Pre-Elclampsia - Research Paper Example She gets significant guidance from her PCP that the best way to spare her from these possibilities is just through an instigated premature birth as the embryo isn't completely evolved to where it can remain in a hatchery. She goes to court to look for help with the goal that she may secure the abortion(Kerry, 2010). The proof she creates holds water and the adjudicators are resolute to permit her to do as she wishes. The jury runs in support of her and she gets the license with the help of her primary care physician to make the fetus removal (British Medical Association, 2012). Pre-eclampasia is truly dreary and taking a gander at the side effects and the normal final product, it settles on one doubter of the choices they have to make either in favor or in dismissal for the difficulties that accompany the condition. I feel that it is something that influences numerous ladies over the globe and some are not even mindful of the risks that allure them as they keep driving their lives. I accept that instruction is vital to wiping out this annihilation that is going to totally change the lives of ladies. I additionally feel that there should exist channels that ladies talk and communicate with in order to offer their thoughts and encounters with pre-eclampasia so they illuminate each other on the plausible approaches to survive if not so much kill the situation.

General Electric Business Model

General Electric Business Model © Shutterstock.com | Carsten ReisingerGE is one of the oldest and biggest corporations in the world. In this article, we will look at 1) introduction to GE, 2) history, 3) business model, and 4) business segments, and its products and services.INTRODUCTION TO  GEGeneral Electric or GE is a multinational conglomeration organization that originated in the United States. It is incorporated in New York and the headquarters are based in Fairfield, Connecticut. The company operates in several areas including Energy, Technology Infrastructure, Capital Finance and products in the Consumer and Industrial category.The company was created by Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb. The company is often considered the most successful conglomerate in the world. The basis for this is that it reached its conglomerate status before this became a common practice for companies. Since its inception, the company has continued to grow, expand and innovate in a variety of industries and fields incl uding things that range from electric fans to airplanes.The company was ranked the 26th largest company and the 14th most profitable one in America in 2011. This was based on gross revenue but another list ranked the company 4th among the Forbes Global 2000 by considering more detailed metrics. It has also been listed as the 7th best company for leaders and 15th most admired company by Fortune in 2011/2012, number 5 for best global brand by Interbrand, and by Fast Company as the 19th most innovative company.HISTORYThe GE founder Thomas Edison is considered a genius both as a businessman and as an inventor. He began his legacy from a workshop that set the groundwork for GE. This workshop was set up in 1876 when he set out to explore the potential for various inventions that he had seen at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia the same year. Eventually this workshop was where he created his most important invention, the electric light. Over the years that followed, his early inven tions became the basis for different lines of products through the 19th and 20th centuries to present day.A timeline of General Electric is given below1878 â€" 1904 © Flickr | Marion DossThomas Edison created the Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. The following year he finalized the first commercially viable incandescent lamp that survived a 40 hour duration test. By 1979, Edison and his team had managed to create dynamos, devices that were used to turn mechanical energy into electrical energy. The application was these would allow entire neighborhood lighting systems to be powered. Edison patented his lamp in 1880 and continued to improve his design by using different materials and ideas. By 1882, he set up the Edison Electric Illuminating Company and began construction on New York City’s first power station. He set up a lamp factory in New Jersey in 1890 and in 1892, GE was formed by the merger of Edison’s company and another prominent manufacturer of dynamos and electric lights. Thomson-Houston. By 1895 the company had begun producing items such as large electric locomotives and transformers and with the discovery of the X-ray, elect rical equipment to produce these Xrays. By 1900, the company’s distinct logo was registered and the establishment of the brand began. In the same year, the company set up a 3 person laboratory to conduct scientific research, a first of its kind. By 1902, the company patented the electric fan.1905 â€" 1934In 1932, the company created the GE Credit Corporation to help sell appliances to American families during the great depression.In the same period, GE contributed to the electricity operated controls for the Panama Canal, as well as advancements to cathode ray tubes and the electric stove. The company also began producing precursors to modern refrigerators. The company also developed the technology that was used both in WW2 radars and microwave ovens. The company continued to improve its technologies and find applications in real world products such as airplane altitude controls, electronic controls and safety switches, panel board and switchboards used in the construction of the Empire State Building. The washing machine was also introduced.In 1905, GE’s first contribution to the kitchen, the electric toaster, appeared. This was followed by efforts in the direction of business capitalization and cash flow by the setup of the Electric Bond and Share Co. The aim of this was to finance small utilities, setting the basis for GE’s Commercial Finance division. A GE engineer worked for two years to help the world’s first voice radio broadcast become successful in 1906 by designing and creating a high frequency alternator. Advancements in technology continued and the GE research lab created ductile tungsten filament, making the lamp more efficient. This material is still used in light bulbs. In 1910 the company created the first electric cooking range and in 1912 improvements were made to the vacuum tube. This is what made modern electronics possible. In the same year, the company also finished work on the first electricity propelled US Navy vessel as well as on the molding of plastic parts for use as an insulation material.1935 â€" 1970Continuing with both home appliances and major scientific inventions, the company opened a space center in 1961 to increase its stake in putting a man on the moon. A year later the solid state laser was invented by a GE scientist as well as a superconductor magnet in 1962. These technologies led to inventions such as the CD player, laser printer, fiber optic communication and advances in modern medical imaging and diagnostics. Xray technology also evolved allowing reduced exposure to xrays as well as clearer pictures. In 1969, the first man on the moon took his first steps in boots developed from GE silicone rubber. Other GE involvement included overall quality control, systems engineering support, launch vehicle testing and ship to satellite systems that allowed live color TV images of the splashdown and recovery.In 1935 the company’s Novalux lamps led to the first major league baseball night game. Ot her contributions included the GE supercharger in the the plane that set the air flight record in 1937. In 1939, the first woman scientist to join the GE lab invented glass that is used in all camera lenses and optical devices till today.in 1940 the company made advancements with new silicone chemistry which has widespread applications. In 1942 the company built the first jet engine in the US as well as demonstrating the first turboprop and in 1943 the autopilot was invented. By 1945, the company had developed the first commercial radar and in 1946 a GE scientist developed cloud seeding technology. Military work during this time included the jet engine J79 which was a ground breaking technology. In 1953, GE scientists discovered Lexan polycarbonate resin which is a transparent plastic with extensive uses to this day. Other discoveries and inventions during this time included industrial diamonds, an engine for the fastest jet transport, further work on plastics, a jet engine that ope rated at three times the speed of sound, a licensed nuclear power plant, the electric can opener, the oven toaster, the halogen lamp, the first manmade object to orbit the earth, the Lucalox lamp, and powerful and compact motor and rechargeable batteries which led to devices such as the electric toothbrush, hair dryers and slicing knivesThe company continued developments in all sectors. In the home improvement category, the company launched a food waste disposal system in 1935. The following year the company launched a series of smaller kitchen appliances including a juicer, a table cooker, a portable mixer, an automatic roaster and a coffee machine. In 1947 the company made advancements to its refrigerator by creating a two door freezer-refrigerator combination. The same year, cooking equipment was developed for fast food operations. In 1954, a fully automatic dishwasher was introduced.1971 2000Through the 1970s, the company continued its advancement in technology by producing the first portable room air conditioner. Other innovations included a computed tomography scanner, innovations in kitchen appliances and consumer electronics as well as fused quartz ingots that can be used to make long fiber optic strands. In 1983 the company created the MRI system making it possible to image soft tissues within the human body. In 1989, the company diversified further and launched a news and business news channel. In 1992, the company continued its foray into space by building the Mar Observer for NASA. In 1993, clinical investigations began in the company’s MRT system to help physicians view internal organs real time. In 1994, GE became the first fortune 500 company to go online and in 1996 the comprehensive portal GE.com was launched. In three years the site was also selling items online. Other major events in this period included development of the world’s most powerful commercial jet engine for Boeing, functional anatomical mapping, a cardiovascular mapping sys tem and the world’s first diagnostic agent to identify Parkinson’s disease.2001 â€" 2014In this period, the company made advancements in cancer diagnostics, lighting technology, new generation ultrasound imaging, involvement with the international space station, medical information systems, fuel efficient rail systems, transportation tracking systems, smart home solutions, portable narcotics and explosives identification systems, miniature cardiovascular ultrasound system, TV technology, organic LED technology, HD medical imaging systems, advanced PET/CT scanning systems, high power white LED, a hybrid locomotive prototype, a compact ECG machine, an HD CT scanner, super hyrdrophobic nano coatings which have implications for industry, biofuel, printed OLEDs, remote assembly from a kit, hybrid haulers, biomarker technology to map proteins in tumors, a genome project, airborne toxin detection, holographic data storage, energy smart LED and energy management. In this period the comp any sold of its media arm as well as its appliances business. BUSINESS MODELGE has a successful business model that can help other companies learn and grow. The key is to not forget organizational culture, history and context and consider how specific techniques were used in key features of the company. The main features of the GE business model include:The CultureA focus on individual achievementA consideration of a rebel as a hero (Jack Welch rebelled against much of the management practices before he became CEO)An encouragement of circumventing the hierarchyThe importance of competitiveness both within the company and externallyPerformance as a determining factor of loyaltyDirect and confrontational communicationLeaders who are individuals and not groups or teams.The culture is a background which drives a company’s success. The GE culture specifically is extremely American.Core CompetenciesGE’s core competencies are much more than just a set of management techniques or a busi ness model. Instead, the following make the company a success:The company selects best practices that are most relevant to its immediate futureThe company adapts and implements these practices perfectlyThe company continues to evolve and change its management practices as the need emerges. This is done by adopting new practices and discarding older methods that may have led to success at some point but are no longer relevant.BUSINESS SEGMENTS AND ITS PRODUCTS AND SERVICESBasic segments for the company are vast and diversified. Some of these include:GE CapitalThis is the financial services arm of the company. The services offered include commercial lending, leasing and financial services for healthcare, media, communications, entertainment, consumers, real estate and aviation.The company underwrites loans and leases to hold on its own balance sheet and the focus is not on generating revenue from the same. The company targets small and medium companies and is not restricted to a parti cular industry or geography. The loans are secured by tangible assets.GE Energy ManagementThis are took over some of the activities of GE Energy in 2013. Products and services include automation and process control, drives,  critical power, geospatial systems, electrical distribution, high voltage equipment, industrial communication, monitoring and diagnostics, power conversion, motors and generators, protection and control and smart metering among others. These products are divided into three main categories and further subcategories.1. Industrial SolutionsGE Power ElectronicsGE Power ComponentsGE Critical PowerGE Intelligent Platforms2. Power Conversion3. Digital EnergyGE Oil and GasThe Oil and Gas segments offers products and services that include condition monitoring and diagnostics, EOR solutions, fuel dispensers, LNG solutions, gas storage, industrial power generation, land drilling, measurement and sensing, offshore drilling, plant and unit controls, pipeline integration serv ices, refinery and petrochemicals and subsea solutions.GE Power and WaterThis segment offers power generation products, power generation services, distributed power, Hitachi nuclear energy, renewable energy and water and process technologies.GE Home Business SolutionsThis division of the company was created in 2007. The unit included appliances, lighting and intelligent platforms. The last was later moved to energy management. In September 2014, the company sold this unit to Electrolux. Lighting was moved to the Growth and Innovation division within the company.GE AviationThis division is based in Ohio and is one of the world’s leading suppliers of aircraft engines for commercial aircraft. Main competitors include Rolls-Royce and Pratt Whitney. Main products include turbojets, high bypass turbofans, light and low bypass turbofans, turboshafts, turboprops and fans, industrial aero derivatives, vehicle propulsion, and marine propulsion.GE TransportationFormerly called GE Rail, thi s division provides equipment for railroad, marine, mining, drilling and energy generation industries. Rail products include freight and passenger diesel-electric locomotives and related items such as railroad signaling equipment and locomotive parts and repairs. Propulsion products include electric motors and systems for mining, oil drilling and wind turbine industries. Battery products are made for rail, marine, telecommunications and energy industries.GE HealthcareThis is the largest division of GE that is based outside the US and provides transformational medical technologies and services. Products include medical imaging and information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery and biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies. Key competitors for this division include Hitachi Medical, Carestream Health, Philips Healthcare, Siemens Healthcare and Toshiba Medical Systems.

Internship For The Iowa Lake Criminal Justice Program Essay

My internship for the Iowa Lake Criminal Justice program has come to an end. I did my internship in the field of law enforcement with the Spirit Lake Police Department. It has been a lot of fun to be apart of the Spirit Lake Police Department. I have learned so much more than I thought I would and I’m so thankful that I got the opportunity to do the internship. For My internship I got to do 240 hours with the SLPD. I was able to do a number of things with them like ride alongs, community policing events, and spend time in the dispatch center seeing how call get to them and then sent out to the officers. For my internship I was with the Spirit Lake Police Department. They are located in Spirit Lake Iowa and they’re a city police department. They have a total of ten people working in their department. The Spirit Lake Police Department hierarchy is one Chief; Jeff Hanson, two Sergeants; Shane Brevik and Scott Colt, 6 Officers; Josh Kilpatrick, Nathan Roth, Daren Diers, Jesse Miller, Hunter Clayton, and Ryan Vos. They also have an office secretary Sanja Erickson. They also have a K-9 whose name is Cairo his handler is Sergeants Brevik. They also normally have a lieutenant but Rodney Baker retired back in May so they’re in the process of promoting one of their officers to that position once there new officer Ryan Vos comes back from the academy. The schedules that the Spirit Lake officers have are 4 days on and then 4 days off. They work a 12-hour shift (Six to Six). TheyShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesHave a Shortage of Skilled Labor? 14 Why Do Organizations Lay Off Employees during Shortages? 15 How Do Organizations Balance Labor Supply? 15 Issues Contingent Workers Create for HRM 16 Continuous Improvement Programs 18 Work Process Engineering 19 How HRM Can Support Improvement Programs 19 How HRM Assists in Work Process Engineering 19 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 Learning Outcomes 28 Introduction 30 Why Is HRM Important to an Organization? 30 DID YOU KNOW?: A Management RecapRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesbasic literacy and mathematical skills by administering basic skills assessments to employees. Then they conduct basic mathematics and English skills training classes at workplace sites for employees with deficiencies. Some employers also sponsor programs for employees and their family members to aid them in obtaining general equivalency diplomas. To address the skills deficiencies, HR management must do the following: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  Assess more accurately the knowledge and skills of existing employeesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagestransmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmanagement and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases and their learning insights. It can certainly be used in training programs and even appeal to nonprofessionals who are looking for a good read about well-known firms and personalities. TEACHING AIDS As in previous editions, you will find a plethora of teaching aids and discussion material within and at the end of

In Cold Blood Dialectical Journal Essay - 3372 Words

Jazmin Castro Mrs. Clement AP Language and Composition, Period 7 10 April 2014 Entry 1, page 5 â€Å"But afterward the townspeople, theretofore sufficiently unfearful of each other to seldom trouble to lock their doors, found fantasy re-creating them over and over again—those somber explosions that stimulated fires of mistrust in the glare of which many old neighbors viewed each other strangely, and as strangers.† I found this quote to be a sad truth. It is disappointing to know that in this small town wherein everyone was on a friendly basis with one another, they would all turn their backs on neighbors they’ve known forever, due to the dangers of their own imagination. Once someone has my trust, I†¦show more content†¦Or that? Or that? Which is me?’ (Once Mrs. Riggs, her English teacher, had returned a theme with a scribbled comment: ‘Good. But why written in three styles of script?’ To which Nancy had replied: ‘Because I’m not grown-up enough to be one person with one kind of signature.’)† Nancy, I believe, perfectly represents teenagers, past and present. Nancy shows that we don’t have the slightest clue who we truly are. That is why our teenage years are so important. These are the years in which we begin to find ourselves, beginning with our signatures (heart or no heart?). There are so many people who expect us to know what we will do with our future when, in actuality, we are only beginning to discover our likes and dislikes, nowhere near deciding what we will be doing for the rest of our lives. So many of us teenagers (and some adults) are trying out different handwritings, or ideas of what we want to do with our lives, before we settle on the one type of calligraphy that we will carry with us forever. Throughout my life, my handwriting has changed drastically, as have my aspirations. As a child, I would write in big loopy letters, which perhaps represented the loopiness of who I wanted to be at the time (a princess). Over the years, as my letters became more refined and smaller, so did my aspirations.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Bless Me Ultima Dialectical Journal3577 Words   |  15 Pages Bless Me, Ultima Dialectical Journal Passages from the text and References: Commentary: 1. â€Å"The magical time of childhood stood still, and the pulse of the living earth pressed its mystery into my living blood† (1.1). 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Criminology Paper Free Essays

To discuss further, the theory of Sampson and L pub supposes that the individual characteristics of a person are not the sole reason for his early delinquency and deviant behavior later in his life. There are social circumstances that may modify the behavior Of other persons while others proceeds with offending. There are three main components proposed in the age-graded life-course theory of Sampson and Lab. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminology Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the delinquency in childhood and adolescence can be explained by their informal relation with their family as well as the environment they have at school. These informal relations they build within their family and at school as well as the social controls coming from these two [family and school] intervene with the micro- level structural context of the children (Sampson Lab, 1992). Second, in different realms of life, the antisocial behavior from childhood through adulthood continues. Lastly, the informal social attachments that individuals develop to their family and employment during adulthood explicate modifications in criminality over their life in spite Of their early childhood tendencies (Sampson Lab, 1992). The most crucial findings of Sampson and Lab is that the social attachments that individuals develop during adulthood increase some people’s social capital, thus leading them to discontinue from most types of aberrant behavior. The theory further discussed how deviant behavior of individuals mitigate as they build social bonds to their spouse or coworkers. People’s attachment to their spouse or coworkers increases their self-control that leads to their distance from committing offenses. In the article of Sampson and Lab, they also discuss what trajectories, transitions, and turning points are. A trajectory, as explained in the article, is â€Å"a pathway or line of development over the life span such as workable, marriage, parenthood, self-esteem, and criminal behavior†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (Sampson Lab, 1992, p. 66). In other words, trajectories are the â€Å"long-term patterns and sequences of behavior† (Sampson Lab, 1992, p. 66). Transitions, on the other hand, are the specific events in the life of a person. Good examples of transitions are first marriage or first job (Sampson Lab, 1992). These transitions are implanted in trajectories. Transitions are the changes that are more or less sudden. The close causal connection of trajectories and transitions may create what is called a turning point. A turning point refers to a â€Å"change in the life course† (Sampson Lab, 1992, p. 66). It involves a certain experience, event, or awareness that leads to the change in the pathway or trajectory of a person over the long-term. According to Sampson and Lab, school, work, marriage, the military, and parenthood are examples of social institutions and triggering life experiences that may change trajectories (1992). The concepts of trajectory, transition and turning points re important in the study of crime because they help in understanding the dynamics of life course. From the theories presented by Sampson and Lab, as well as by Cottonseeds and Hirsch, life course is a path, and the understanding of trajectories and turning points help us to give meaning to the different factors that intervene and disturb the path of a person’s life course that may lead him to developing deviant or criminal behaviors. Looking at the trajectories of a person, one can ascertain the different relationships that the person has developed throughout time, thus causing IM to becoming what he is in the present time. Trajectories will help us determine the environment that a person has been into, thus leading him to develop characteristics and personalities he has presently. Transitions, on the other hand, help determine whether or not the timing between one event and the happening of another event is enough for a person to adjust This adjustment is important because lack of this may lead a person to develop deviant behaviors. Turning points, or changes in life trajectories, are very crucial in the study of crime because these are often what cause children, or managers, or even adults to exhibit or develop aberrant behaviors. These turning points, such as divorce of parents, retirement, or death, if will not match the behavior of a person may lead to delinquent behaviors. While Sampson and Lab speak of individual’s characteristics, social circumstances, as well as social bonds in understanding the criminality of a person, Cottonseeds and Hirsch, in their â€Å"general theory of crime†, propose that the imprudence and criminality of a person can be anticipated merely by looking at the lack of self-control of a person (Sampson Lab, 1992). They et aside the possibility of the other life and social factors that may intercept in the development of deviant behavior of a person. Nonetheless, Cottonseeds and Hirsch admit that although the personality of a person, for example his lack of self-control, does not change through time, the connection between self-control and crime is susceptible to change. The concept of life-course perspective of Cottonseeds and Hirsch is inversely linked to the level of self-control of a person. According to them, a person’s self-control is what shapes his agency in a manner that he tends to choose to e part of an environment that counterparts his level of self-control. The life course perspective of Sampson and L pub has been recognized by Cacao and Kennedy in explaining social control theory in general. Cacao and Kennedy agree that life course perspective is different from the other perspectives about social control and criminality because it acknowledges how different events or factors in the life course of people affect their progress at different times. By reconciling two contradicting findings in the field of crime research, one finding proposes that adult criminality is strongly impacted by patterns of childhood behavior while the other finding puts forward that changes in the life of people impact their tendency of criminality, Sampson and Lab are able to provide an explanation as to whether or not the propensity to commit an offense changes or remains the same over the life course of people (Cacao Kennedy, 2011). Cacao and Kennedy further say that the principles laid in the life course perspective are important in understanding the different informal social control present or become present in the life course of an offender that lead to the modification of a arson’s criminal involvement (2011). Additionally, the life course approach is a useful tool in ascertaining how changes in crime pattern of people across their life course are being affected with the opportunities and circumstances that they face as they move forward in life. In general, the life course perspective theory’ is related to the social control theory in general with respect to the person’s bond or attachment to society. Social control theory postulates that delinquent acts are often the result of people having a weak or broken bond to their society. This means that when people are less attached to others, they are more prone to deviating from social norms and standards. Since they no important relationships with other people, they really have nothing to lose, therefore, it becomes very easy for them to commit a crime. The life course perspective of Sampson and Lab basically offers the same path of explaining how informal social relations can affect a person’s commitment to his society. They say that the attachment or bond that a person develop throughout life with his spouse or coworkers makes a person more committed to his society. He loses his motivation to deviate or to commit an offense because Of the social bond he has developed mainly due to her concern for his spouse or coworkers. How to cite Criminology Paper, Papers

Travel and Tourism Horticulture - Agriculture and Aquaculture

Question: Discuss about theTravel and Tourismfor Horticulture, Agriculture and Aquaculture. Answer: Horticulture, Agriculture and Aquaculture based Location and Produce in New Zealand Introduction New Zealand, an island located on the southwestern side of the Pacific Ocean, neighbors to Australia, Fiji, Tonga and New Caledonia (Chen, 2014). This island nation is recognized as a developed country based on their achievement in the fields of health and education. The location and climate of the country allows different types of fruits, vegetables, crops to grow. The managing heads that has been responsible in putting forth New Zealand on the world map in respect to the large amount of produce, are: Gallaghers, Zespri, LIC, Tru-Test, AgResearch , Milfos (Rosin, 2013). Gallaghers has been known to provide technological means such as, electrical fence, to the farmers. LIC and Tru-Test have been responsible in carrying out the genetics-based analysis which will allow for genetically modified crops to be produced that are capable of resisting diseases as well as pests (Benge et al., 2014). They have also been responsible for genetically modifying the livestock to increase their abilit y to produce more as well as be resistant to diseases. The country earns more than $15 billion per annum of revenue, alone from agricultural, Horticultural an aquacultural produce (Rees, 2016). The following sections deals with locations in New Zealand those are popular for their horticultural, agricultural and aquacultural produce. The organic based aspect has also been considered in few of the examples. Horticulture in New Zealand New Zealand based horticulture is considered as an industry worth $5 billion industry, responsible for exporting products to several countries across the globe (DeSilva Forbes, 2016). The primary horticultural based products, which are being exported, are kiwifruit, apples, avocados, onions, buttercup squash, processed vegetables, potatoes. The following giants have been responsible in providing with equipment at the horticultural farms, such as: Milfos, Waikato Milking Systems, PGC Wrightsons, RD1, Goldpine, CRT, Giltrap. Five Horticultural Farming areas and their produce as identified are: Hawkes Bay Kiwi (Organic Farming) Kiwifruit has gained popularity in the Hawkes Bay area of New Zealand (Scrimgeour Locke, 2015). Kiwifruit requires well-drained and fertile soils to grow. It requires loamy soil, which needs to be enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus as well as potassium. Kiwifruit requires being sheltered from the wind as gusts of wind destroys the flowering shoots (May, 2014). Artificial windbreaks provide relief from this situation. It also needs to be protected from frosts. Water sprinklers and wind machines are used in order to protect the plants. Kiwifruit also requires adequate moisture to thrive well. The leading cultivars of kiwifruit in New Zealand are: Abbott, Allison, Bruno, Hayward, Monty, Greensill (Mowat, 2014). Many kiwifruit cultivars has availed to organic method of farming as it lead to an increment in the revenues that the farmers could earn in contrast to the conventional means that were used in growing the fruit. Christchurch Market Gardening Market gardening is considered as a thriving business in New Zealand from the horticulture aspect (Muller et al., 2015). The crops are grown in a continuous fashion, especially in green houses. There are several cultivars in the Christchurch region that participates in market gardening. Several fresh vegetables and fruits such as potatoes, onions and squash have been grown along with different flowers through market gardening (Rutherford, McGimpsey Narayan, 2013). Onions have acquired the largest market as an export vegetable. There are several other crops that grown with the help of market gardening such as, carrots, broccoli, parsnips, cauliflower, sweet potato, cabbage, lettuces, asparagus and spinach (Kelsey, 2015). Tomatoes and capsicums are also grown in this way. Orchids are famously cultivated through market gardening. Marlborough Wine Marlborough is recognized for the finest wine production, not only in New Zealand, but it is well renowned in the world too (Zahraie et al., 2016). The wine from this region is known to impart distinct flavor and aroma to it. Location of Marlborough and the favorable combination of meso climate and diverse soil allows the wine to taste so good. Other than these factors, sufficient sunshine, limited rainfall, no occurrence of seasonal frosts and fertility of the soil, has aided the production of good grapes for the production of wine. Marlborough is responsible for contributing to 75% of total wine production in New Zealand (Alfaro, Jeffs King, 2014). The vineyards are mainly located in three regions of Marlborough, namely, Southern Valleys, Wairau Valley (for example, Renwick, Blenheim and Cloudy Bay region) and Awatere Valley. Marlborough is known to produce the best Sauvignon, which is globally renowned (Parr et al., 2013). Auckland - Mushrooms Mushroom cultivation is gathering pace in turning into a blooming industry in New Zealand. Button mushrooms, Perigold black truffles, hazel, English oak, field mushroom, oyster mushrooms, poplar mushrooms, burgundy mushrooms, shaggy ink cap, are commonly grown in New Zealand (Guerin-Laguette et al., 2014). However, Auckland is famous for farming shittake mushrooms that are exported fresh across the globe. Shittake mushrooms are famous for their flavor and texture and are known to have health benefits as well. It has an attractive appearance where it flaunts a brown dome on top followed by white gills below (Rights, 2014). It can be easily cultivated on logs of deciduous trees, mainly of, oak, poplar, birch, beech and maple. Otago Summer Fruits The summer fruits that grow in New Zealand are apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches and plums (Leong Oey, 2012). Hawkes Bay and Central Otago is known to be the primary producer of summer fruits in New Zealand. The season commences around November and mid December period is considered as the peak season continuing through January, February and March and finally coming to an end in April (Wearing et al., 2012). The main types of cherries that are cultivated are: Sonnet, Sweet Heart, Staccato, Celeste, Samba, Skeena, Burlatt, Kordia and Sweet Valentine. The variety of nectarines being cultivated is called Red Gold. Flatto, Donut, Alba and Southern Ice are the varieties of peaches that grow in Central Otago (Bills, 2014). The variety of plums being cultivated is known as Primetime. Agriculture in New Zealand International trade in New Zealand is highly sustained by agriculture-based produce. New Zealand boats of having several sheep and beef farms. Three Agricultural Farming areas and their produce as identified are: Waikato Dairy Farming (Organic Farming) Dairy farming in New Zealand is a major contributor to the betterment of the economy of the Waikato region. Being the eighth largest producer of milk New Zealand, has a thriving dairy farming industry. Fonterra, the dairy company, is responsible for producing and managing the large amount of dairy being produced to be exported across the globe. The breeds of cows that are mainly based in New Zealand are: Holstein-Friesian, Jersey and Ayrshire (Foote, Joy Death, 2015). Dairy farming is part of the organic food sector. Farmers are worried about the implication that pesticides and artificial herbicides has on the milk. There is a demand on a global scale in respect to the organic dairy products. Organic production makes use of positive management based systems that aims at eliminating the necessity of using chemicals in agriculture (Chobtang et al., 2015). Organic dairy farming works towards a sustainable measure where the farmers make use of rock forms, seaweed and worm based composts to enrich the soil instead of fertilizers made of urea and phosphate. Conventional health care supplements that were administered to the animals were mainly antibiotics and drenches (Pinxterhuis et al., 2015). However, with the advent of organic farming, to improve the health of the animals, apple cider vinegar, garlic, seaweeds and chelated minerals have been used. Canterbury Sheep Farming Along with diary, sheep farming is an important commodity furthering the economy of New Zealand. There are several breeds of sheep that were cultivated by the New Zealand Sheepbreeders Association, namely, Border Lecister, Texel, Borderdale, Suffolk, Corriedale, Shropshire, Corriedale, Ryeland, Dorper, Polwarth, Dorset Down, Poll Dorset, East Friesian, Oxford, Finnsheep, Lincoln and Hampshire (Burton Peoples, 2014). The Merino sheep species is known for its good quality of wool. Along with other species, such as Perendale and Coopworth, they are known to be good producers of wool as well as meat. The Canterbury plains concentrates on sheep farming that are reared for the wool and the meat (Bray et al., 2013). Pukekohe Potato There are more than 170 potato growers present in New Zealand, concentrating mainly in the areas of Pukekohe, Hawkes Bay, Manawatu and Canterbury. Pukehoke has been given the label of being the food basket of New Zealand and it has been responsible for feeding the mouths all across the globe for years together (Wrath Smith, 2015). In order to meet the growing demand of the vegetable, production of the vegetable crop has increased. The varieties of the crop that are mainly cultivated are: Russett Burbank, Draga, Laura, Fianna, Frisia, Innovator, Rua, Nadine, Agria, Moonlight, Desiree, Ilam Hardy and Red Rascal (Lister Munro, 2013). Potatoes are responsible for feeding the growing mouths in the whole world, the only crop which grows in plenty without any particular growing conditions and available the year round. However, the only drawback that potato cultivators face is the large amount of water which is required to grow potatoes (Bajaj, 2013). With the water scarcity faced on a glo bal level for potable water at times restricts its production. Then scientists see this no fuss crop as the only remedy to the problem of food scarcity. Aquaculture in New Zealand Aquaculture in New Zealand mainly comprises of mussels, oysters and salmon. It is a huge industry, aimed at improving the economy of the island nation. Two Aquacultural Farming areas and their produce as identified are: Big Glory Bay, Stewart Island Salmon There were three species of salmon, which were originally introduced in New Zealand. However, only the king salmon strain, thrived and has established itself as one of the biggest contenders in the list of aquaculture-based products. The salmon are either reared as part of freshwater farming or sea-cage ranching (Cobcroft et al., 2014). In Big Glory Bay, Stewart Island, salmon are cultivated in large cages that are suspended in the sea which are being linked with the help of floating walkways. Paihia, Bay of Islands Oyster Bluff oysters and rock oysters are the commonly found wild strain of oysters found in New Zealand (Floysand, Haland Jakobsen, 2016). A third strain is the Pacific oyster, which is mainly cultivated in the oyster farms in New Zealand. The growth rates of these oysters are quite high compared to the rock oysters. Fresh oysters, typically from the Paihia, Bay of Islands, in New Zealand, are renowned all over the world due to their delightful taste (McGinnis Collins, 2013). The characteristically sandy bottoms of the Paihia, Bay of Islands, allow the cultivation of oysters. Due to the location of the Bay of Islands, the cultivation is carried out throughout the year irrespective of the season. Other areas have to to close their shop during monsoons and winters (Smale, 2014). They are renowned for being able to provide oysters throughout the summer period. Conclusion Agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture have highly contributed in aiding New Zealand to receive global recognition by exporting produce to several countries across the globe. Each produce has its own level of importance and popularity. With innovative moves carried out in the field of biotechnology, genetics along with farm machinery, has been aiding the production of meat and dairy products. Genetically modified crops, and livestock has been able to produce progenies that are resistant to diseases and pests. The use of organic farming has resulted into chemical free produce which has been helping in meeting the demands of the masses aiming towards the consumption of organic produce. Not only organic farming, but also the concept of eco farming has been gaining popularity where not only the well being of the produce are being taken care of, but also measures are being taken to avoid harming the eco system. Several cultivation practices has been replaced by eco friendly measures so that the pollutants that emerges from farming can be reduced. Efforts have led to New Zealand developing sustainable and green model of farming. References: Alfaro, A. C., Jeffs, A. G., King, N. (2014). Enabling and driving aquaculture growth in New Zealand through innovation.New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,48(3), 311-313. Benge, J., Barber, A., McCusker, K., Le Quellec, I., Manhire, J., Hunt, L., ... MacLeod, C. J. (2014, August). The New Zealand sustainability dashboard: connecting growers, industry, consumers, regulators and policy makers to drive sustainable horticulture. InXXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): XVII 1103(pp. 69-74). Bray, A. R., Fraser, T. J., King, W. M., Mackay, A. D., Moot, D. J., Stevens, D. R. (2013). Pasture improvement needs and options for New Zealand sheep and beef farms. InProceedings of the 22nd International Grassland Congress. Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain our Communities, Sydney, Australia. New South Wales Department of Primary Industry, Kite St., Orange New South Wales, Australia(pp. 844-845). Burton, R. J., Peoples, S. (2014). Market liberalisation and drought in New Zealand: A case of double exposurefor dryland sheep farmers?.Journal of Rural Studies,33, 82-94. Chen, Y. (2014).Trade, food security, and human rights: the rules for international trade in agricultural products and the evolving world food crisis. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Chobtang, J., Ledgard, S. F., McLaren, S. J., Donaghy, D. J. (2015). Life cycle environmental impacts of high and low intensification pasture-based milk production systems: a case study of the Waikato region, New Zealand.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, 664-674. Cobcroft, J. M., Main, A., Fudge, M., MacLeod, C. (2014). Engaging within the community-key lessons from a multi-stakeholder Australian/New Zealand salmon industry workshop. InWorld Aquaculture Adelaide 2014. De Silva, T. A., Forbes, S. L. (2016). Sustainability in the New Zealand horticulture industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 2381-2391.. Flysand, A., Hland, K., Jakobsen, S. E. (2016). Discourses, risk perceptions and the green profile of the New Zealand salmon farming industry.Marine Policy,74, 230-235. Foote, K. J., Joy, M. K., Death, R. G. (2015). New Zealand dairy farming: milking our environment for all its worth.Environmental management,56(3), 709-720. Guerin-Laguette, A., Cummings, N., Butler, R. C., Willows, A., Hesom-Williams, N., Li, S., Wang, Y. (2014). Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus radiata in New Zealand: towards the development of innovative gourmet mushroom orchards.Mycorrhiza,24(7), 511-523. Kelsey, J. (2015).Reclaiming the future: New Zealand and the global economy. Bridget Williams Books. May, F. (2014). Awards mark ten years of growing New Zealand horticulture.Australasian Parks and Leisure,17(4), 33. McGinnis, M. V., Collins, M. (2013). A race for marine space: science, values, and aquaculture planning in New Zealand.Coastal Management,41(5), 401-419. Mowat, A. D. (2014, August). Market oriented assessment of the environmental impact of the New Zealand kiwifruit value chain. InXXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): 1112(pp. 439-446). Mller, K., Holmes, A., Deurer, M., Clothier, B. E. (2015). Eco-efficiency as a sustainability measure for kiwifruit production in New Zealand.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, 333-342. Parr, W. V., Schlich, P., Theobald, J. C., Harsch, M. J. (2013). Association of selected viniviticultural factors with sensory and chemical characteristics of New Zealand Sauvignon blanc wines.Food research international,53(1), 464-475. Pinxterhuis, J. B., Beare, M. H., Edwards, G. R., Collins, R. P., Dillon, P., Oenema, J., ... Reheul, D. (2015). Eco-efficient pasture based dairy farm systems: a comparison of New Zealand, The Netherlands and Ireland. InGrassland and forages in high output dairy farming systems. Proceedings of the 18th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 15-17 June 2015.(pp. 349-366). Wageningen Academic Publishers. Rees, E. (2016). A Sustainable Fisheries Oasis? Strategy and Performance in the New Zealand Seafood Sector.Agri-Food Commodity Chains and Globalising Networks, 89. Rights, I. P. (2014). Superior substrate reported for cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.CURRENT SCIENCE,106(10), 1340. Rosin, C. (2013). Food security and the justification of productivism in New Zealand.Journal of Rural Studies,29, 50-58. Rutherford, W., McGimpsey, W., Narayan, P. (2013). Evaluation of New Zealands regulatory framework to support the reputation of horticultural commodity exports.New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. Scrimgeour, F., Locke, S. (2015). Review of Kiwifruit New Zealand.. Smale, H. (2014). New Zealand Aquaculture Industry Initiative: Collingwood Case Study. InMolluscan Shellfish Safety(pp. 65-71). Springer Netherlands. Zahraie, B., Everett, A. M., Walton, S., Kirkwood, J. (2016). Environmental entrepreneurs facilitating change toward sustainability: a case study of the wine industry in New Zealand.Small Enterprise Research,23(1), 39-57.

Ancient Egypt Essays (1992 words) - Museology, Museum, Egypt

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt The term culture is one that can be defined in many ways. Culture is defined as: the ideas, activities, and ways of behaving that are special to a country, people, or region. Museums such as the Field Museum attempt to give its visitors a sense of the culture and history of different countries, as well as a sense of US culture and history. In this quest however, museums often focus on one specific nature of the culture [of a country] and lose sight of the whole picture - the entire culture. After all, the US culture is primarily a capitalistic one, and museums - in addition to their quest to educate the American public - overemphasize what they feel is the most intriguing aspect of a specific culture. In this manner, museum officials are looking to attract more people and consequently bring in more money. Capitalistically speaking, it is in their best interest to overstress the parts of an exhibit to which the public will be attracted. In doing so, however, the museum visitor does not get an objective view of the culture of a country. The Field Museum's approach to Ancient Egyptian culture attempts to cover all bases of the culture, but falls seriously short of doing just this. The Museum focuses too much on the Ancient Egyptian approach to death and the afterlife in a serious, informative aspect. This is done by the sheer location of the exhibit, providing numerous historical plaques, and by the mysterious, alluring atmosphere of the pyramid exhibit that the Museum gives to the visitor. Yet the Museum downplays the daily life of the Ancient Egyptians by pushing this less intriguing exhibit behind the afterlife exhibit, by providing few informative historical plaques, and by filling the exhibit with cartoons of the everyday life of the Ancient Egyptian, thereby simplifying the exhibit. Therefore, although the Ancient Egypt exhibit preserves a good sense of the preparation of death and afterlife aspect of the ancient Egyptian culture, it lacks in providing such a sound exhibit for the daily life of the ancient Egyptians, thereby portraying a false impression of Egyptian culture to the public. Located on the first floor of the museum, the Ancient Egyptian exhibit attracts visitors immediately; the ominous immense pyramid creates a dark, mysterious presence, and invites visitors to step inside. The first impression of the exhibit is of a focus on death and the afterlife. This may lead to the false impression that the Ancient Egyptian culture was driven around embalming and entombing dead bodies. As one makes its way through the labyrinth of the pyramid, one is surrounded by recovered organ jars, tombs, mummified Egyptians and the artifacts that they were buried with. The walls of the pyramid are authentic limestone taken from actual sites in Egypt. Large woven tapestries hang from one of such walls and describe the afterlife and the gods involved. Gods are all represented as having animal heads, and bodies of humans. Wooden cases that would be placed inside the immense stone tombs, stand upright and are open for public viewing: hieroglyphics on the inside of the wooden encasing describe the procedure of the afterlife for the person entombed inside. The pyramid houses many mummies, some of whose wrappings have come undone and allow the visitor to see the actual body of the mummy. The pyramid is a very captivating exhibit, and it's location - its proximity to the entrance of the museum creates a false sense of the Ancient Egyptian culture. A visitor who knows nothing about the culture is lead to assume that the majority of Egyptian life was used to prepare for the after life. At the end of the pyramid, the visitor is lead to a small exhibit whose purpose is to portray a sense of the daily life of the ancient Egyptian. The location of this exhibit, behind the pyramid, gives the impression of being a less important and less frequent aspect of Egyptian culture. The visitor is lead through a less cramped exhibit of the every day live of an ancient Egyptian. There is a display in which one can "envision himself as an Egyptian": the visitor can put his face up to a pane of glass, behind which is a model of an Egyptian face. The visitor is shown how he would look as a typical ancient Egyptian. This exhibit, while interesting and entertaining, has very little to do with every day life of the ancient Egyptian. Through out the exhibit, there are few artifacts, and even less information on the daily events of

A Call to Men “Ending Violence Against Women” Essay Example

A Call to Men â€Å"Ending Violence Against Women† Essay Example A Call to Men â€Å"Ending Violence Against Women† Essay A Call to Men â€Å"Ending Violence Against Women† Essay A call to men â€Å"Ending Violence against Women† Ted Bunch is the co-founder of A CALL TO MEN: The National Association of Men and Women Committed to Ending Violence against Women. Ted Bunch addresses NCC students and faculty about the domestic and sexual violence prevention and the promotion of healthy manhood. Mr. Bunch talks about the â€Å"the Man Box â€Å"where he showed images of athletes, rappers, wrestlers, cops, Etc. He stated that men are restricted, confined, and boxed in. Not all men fit this description. Men are part of the solution and part of the problem. Bunch discuss The Socialization of Men, that men are taught to view women as having less value than men and treating them as property, and how men aren’t suppose to cry or openly express emotions with the exception of anger. He also talked about (Heterosexist) men often say do not be like a â€Å"gay man† stating that men should not part take in feminine activities. There are times I often see women constantly getting abuse by their boyfriends/ husbands out in public and no one stopping them. One day when I was out hanging out with friends I saw a couple arguing by the park, I watch this woman get verbally abuse by this guy, then all of a sudden the guy hit her. Me and my friends approached the couple told the man to back off; when the guy left we called 911 cause the woman was really hurt. Its hard for women to say what they know men should do-because men will hear the message differently whether its coming from a man or woman. All men are not perpetrators of domestic violence, it does clearly exist and it’s important to learn how sexism, male dominance and male privilege lay the foundation for all forms of violence against women. Having a education for all high school and university students and faculty against sexual and domestic violence will help such actions from happening.

Personal Development through Reflective Practice Essay

Personal Development through Reflective Practice - Essay Example The organisational structure for Outcomes UK Ltd is mainly controlled by the strategic director along with a number of secondary employees working under him. In the executive management group, officers have been assigned with the task of corporate management of the council, ensuring timely and regular meetings for discussion of current issues perceived to have a significant impact on the council and its services. The executive management has the responsibility of managing projects and other day-to-day activities in order to establish an entity that holds consistent values and views (NRC 2002). Their fixed responsibility lies in a number of tasks such as providing tactical advice and skillful plans to the council; making sure that policy objectives are effectively integrated within their services; managing the development of all strategies; providing information and establishing strong communication with councilors, managers, and staff members; supervising the working relationships between councilors and staff members; keeping watch over organisational values, attitudes, and structure; bringing together the council’s work with other organisations and establishing working relations; and handling resolution of conflicts. All these duties reflect Devlin’s (2006) assertion that executive management plays a major role in every action that the organisation takes. Often times, the members of the executive management group are handpicked by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) based on their individual strengths and the values that they have displayed. Those who can liv e up to the specific tasks assigned to executive management are selected. On the other hand, though much of the organisation’s responsibility lies upon this high ranking group, there is still a need for every member of the council to be involved in daily tasks for organisational goals to be successfully

Global market and the isssue of off shore out sourcing Essay

Global market and the isssue of off shore out sourcing - Essay Example ss commentators defined the 20t century as the United States century, it is possible that the 21st century will now be defined as the era of Asian countries, especially India and China. While China is taking its place as the world’s manufacturing powerhouse, India is positioning itself as the global office (Lewin et al, 2011). Together, these two countries have a huge domestic market potential with cheap labour and administrations that are implementing policies that are capital friendly, leading many to believe that global markets are at a tipping point. It is evidently seen that Europe and the United States will no longer dominate the global markets that they have dominated in the last century, especially because they will have to compete in a global economy in which they are only responsible for a few inventions (Lewin et al, 2011). The future now requires that all countries embrace off-shoring of business processes across companies, cultures, borders, and disciplines. Those countries that will elect to narrow their focus on nationalism will not be successful in the new era of off-shoring and outsourcing. In addition, those countries that do not geographically diversify their activities (Lewin et al, 2011), while also developing strong international webs of innovation will fall short of competing in a market that is becoming increasingly global. Multinational corporations have for years made headlines with regards to skirting of environmental laws that are stringently implemented in industrialized nations through this process of off-shoring (Contractor, 2011). This involves off-shoring low cost and high polluting processes of manufacturing to countries with less stringent environmental laws, while also selling by-products with unacceptable toxicity, in developed countries, to less developed countries with weak laws. This particular problem, which can also be defined as off-shoring responsibility for environmental destruction is not part of the grand plan for

Gastric Acid Resistant Capsules Are Enteric Biology Essay

Gastric Acid Resistant Capsules Are Enteric Biology Essay Generally, the active pharmaceutical ingredients are delivered using two-piece capsules, which are filled with the drug, capsulated and taken orally. These capsules are made with materials like gelatin, hypromellose etc. The capsules release the encapsulated drug in the stomach by dissolving in gastronomical juices. However, some of the drugs affects the metabolism of gastric juices and are irritants. In these kinds of drugs, post gastric delivery is expected being intact in the stomach. In order to achieve these several investigation lead to development of acid resistant capsules called enteric capsules. Enteric Capsules: The capsules which are designed for intestinal delivery by being intact in the stomach are called as enteric capsules and this property is called enteric property. To achieve the intestinal delivery the capsule must be strong enough to resist the acidic environment in the stomach. Apart from the reason that the capsules may effect the gastronomical metabolism, some drugs require past gastronomical delivery to treat some local diseases like ulcerative collitas, irritable bowel syndrome (Crotty and Jewel, 1992) and to absorb polypeptides in the intestine (Davis, 1990). The endogenous enzymes are less in the colon and the transit time is long which will favor the absorption of polypeptides (Davis, 1992). The capsule dissolution time cannot be determined exactly in the capsules which are released in the stomach as the residence time is highly irregular and depends on the several factors like the size of the fabricated capsule, fed or fasted state of the stomach etc (Wildey et al., 1992b). If the colon is the desirable and perfect place for absorption of therapeutic polypeptides, which are orally consumed then there is a compulsory for enteric capsules which can target the colon release and can withstand the acidic gastronomical juices and state of gastronomical duct (Hardy et al., 1987, Van Den Mooter et al., 1992, Rubin stein et al., 1992, Lloyd et al., 1994). For several decades these enteric properties are delivered to the capsules mainly by coating the hard gelatin capsules using acid resistant chemicals such as anionic polumethacryalates (copolymerasite of methacrylic acid and tither methul methacrylate or ethyly acrylate (Eudragit), cellulose based polymers such as cellulose acetate phthalate (Aquateric) or polyvinyl derivatives such as polyvinyl acetate phthalate (Coateric) ( Ewart T. Cole et al., 2001), hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose phthalate, sodium alginate stearic acid etc. These acidic polymers have very low permeability in their unionized state in low pH environments and when they reach high pH environments they ionize and resulting in increase of the permeability. As a result, the capsule erodes and releases the underlying drug. These kind pH variations can be seen in the stomach and intestine respectively. These enteric coatings showed a great advantage that it is independent of the encapsulated material. This advantage re sulted in the decrease in the extent of research to develop a formulation, which is enteric by nature itself irrespective of any enteric coating applied. Gelatin is the major polymer base for manufacturing capsules for many years. These enteric coatings are applied on the surface of these gelatin capsules. However, due to several considerations alternative materials like hypromellose are opted in some specific cases. Hypromellose has several advantages when compared to gelatin capsules regarding their response towards organic coatings, aqueous coatings, storage, structure etc. Hypromellose capsules over gelatin capsules: Gelatin and Hypromellose are used to fabricate capsules, which can dissolve in the gastric juices of the stomach and release the encapsulated material. Inorder to incorporate the enteric properties to these gelatin and hypromellose capsules different coating technologies are invented and acid resistant polymers are coated. From several years enteric coated hypromellose capsules are of very high importance in dietary supplement industry. Hypromellose is a vegetarian supplement to the gelatin capsules (Ogura et al., 1998). Hypromellose proved their efficiency when compared to that gelatin capsules when regulatory, manufacturing, religious and dietary issues are considered. Previous studies proved that the hypromellose is more capable in case of polymer adhesion. Gelatin capsules when coated with organic polymers they are very sensitive and embrittlement of the shell material is resulted (Murthy et al., 1986). The gelatin surface is very soft and adhesion of the coating material require some friction on the surface of the of the capsule body which is which is less in case of soft gelatin capsules. So enteric properties of these gelatin capsules are not up to the mark (Thoma and Bechtold, 1992). Secondary techniques like application of pre coat are required to coat these soft gelatin capsules. The interactions between the organic polymer and gelatin surface are controlled by applying a pre coat on the surface of the capsule. However, application of precoat is highly time consuming and costly process. Considering the ecological impact of organic coatings, aqueous coatings are preferred (Cunningham and FEgely, 2001; Wheatly et al., 1997).. These aqueous coatings make the gelatin capsules more sensitive because of aqueous solubility of gelatin. Hence the processing time is very long for aqueous coating of the gelatin capsules resulting in high fabrication costs. Hypromellose are advantageous in case of aqueous coatings when compared to gelatin capsules. For hypromello se capsule sealing of body and cap is required prior to coating to restrict the leakage of the encapsulated material through the merging part of the body and cap of the capsule. This sealing can be done manually using gelatin solution (Felton et al., 2002). Liquid encapsulation micro spraying technique can also be used for sealing the capsule. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of gelatin and hypromellose capsules, hypromellose can be effective to deliver enteric properties to the capsules. Development of formulations using hypromellose as the base polymer and enhancing with other acid resistant materials can yield better results. Enteric hypromellose capsules: The technology of enteric coating has undergone through several fundamental improvement in recent years due to their potential advantages and ease. Several promising technologies like sugar coating technique, film coating process using organic and aqueous solvents are designed. The process of application of enteric coating has several steps which involve lot of labor and time ultimately effecting the economics of fabrication. Apart from the coating process proper attention should be taken such that the coating materials is capable enough to adhere and coalesce on the substrate. The coating material must be able to loose moisture immediately so that the core penetration and dissolved coating material can be minimized (Els Mehuys et al.,2004). Aqueous coating cannot be applied to ingredients which are active towards moisture (Mehta, 1996). The coating techniques are effected by several factors such as spraying rate, spraying temperature, pressure, volume and dimensions of the coating equipment (Els Mehuys et al., 2004). Lack of proper attention towards these control variables results in non-uniform coating layer and upscaling. Many other techniques are developed to overcome these disadvantages of the coating process and reduce the process time. Obara et al., 1999 developed a dry coating process. This process involves spraying of dry enteric powder on the capsule followed by curing and drying. Pearnchob and Bodmeir (2003) developed another dry coating process in which they used ethylcellulose as the enteric coating material. Holroyd (2004) developed another process called Phoqus Process in which an electric field is created to induce partial positive and negative charges to the capsule and enteric material, thus resulting in adhesion due to electrostatic attraction between the compounds. Though several innovations are m ade in the field of enteric coating all the process require supply of energy in the form heat or electricity is required. Even though several promising innovations are made to overcome the defects of the coating process, still these coating process proved to be disadvantageous in large scale production. The main impacts of coating process during large-scale production involve brittle capsules, environmental pollution, safety, cost of the process, process time etc. This will induce extra cost in fabrication of capsules when manufactured in a bulk scale. A formulation designed which has enteric properties inherent can solve the extra cost and time due to enteric coating of the gelatin or hypromellose capsules. The previous studies showed that hypromellose shows some inherent enteric properties. Thus by enhancing these properties by using acid insoluble compounds like sodium alginate in the formulation itself can exhibit enteric properties. So additional coating can be prevented by optimsing these kind of formulations. Enteric formulations using hypromellose as base polymer: Certain formulations using hypromellose as base polymer are designed in which the HPMC acts as bulk film forming material. A gelling agent is added to the formulation like gellan gum such that it performs gelation action and help hypromellose to develop a solid structure and hold its structure firmly during moulding of the capsules. An acid insoluble tertiary polysaccharide (sodium alginate) is added to the formulation to induce and enhance the enteric characteristics to the formulation. Some pharmaceutical excipients such as lubricating agents (polyethylene glycol) , chelating agent (EDTA) and tonicity agent (Sodium Chloride) are added to the formulation. By considering all the above stated materials following formulations are designed: FORMULATION HPMC % W/W GELLAN GUM % W/W SODIUM ALGINATE % W/W NACL % W/W EDTA % W/W PEG % W/W 1 19 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 5 2 18 0.2 1 0.2 0.1 5 3 17 0.2 2 0.2 0.1 5 4 15 0.2 5 0.2 0.1 5 5 15 0.2 7.5 0.2 0.1 5 Impact of formulation and process variables on the drug release: Formulation variables: Polymer Base: Hypromellose is used as the polymer base material. There are several grades of HPMC that are commercially available. Generally different kinds of hypromellose is due to variation in the content of hydroxypropyl and methyl groups present in HPMC. In the present case rapidly hydrating grade hypromellose is used. The viscosity of the hypromellose depends upon the composition of hdroxypropyl group and methyl group. Improperly hydrated results in dose dumping as the gastric fluids can easily penetrate into the capsule (Dow pharmaceutical ecipients, 1986). The viscosity of the polymer effects the mouldability of the formulated polymer base into capsule. Hypromellose also decides the mechanical characteristics of the capsules. Hypromellose layers with high viscosity have a greater capability to withstand the diffusion of gastric fluids into the encapsulated material thus help in extended release of the drug (Nellore et al., 1998). Higher viscosity hypromellose will reduce the swelling prope rties of the capsule thus resolve the capsule separation problem. Hypromellose (C32H60O19) Gelling agent: Gelling agent like gellan gum is used in this formulation. Gellan gum is of very high importance in pharmaceutical industry in producing oral dosage forms like gels and capsules (Kubo W, Miyazaki S et al., 2003). Gellan gum shows effect on the release of the drug so it is used for controlled or sustained release (Alhaique F et al., 1995). Hypromellose in the presence of a secondary polysaccharide like gellan gum have the capability to forma strong structure and retain the structure during mouliding of capsule. The compounds containing aldehyde groups can combine with gelling agent like gellan gum to form cross links making the capsule insoluble (Digenis GA et al., 1994). Gellan gum is categorized based on the proportions of polysaccharide, the percent of o-acetyl substitution of polysaccharide and protein content. Gellan gum with high acyl condition has to selected for this formulation because gellan gum with high acyl content is capable of formation of soft, elastic and non brittle gels. On the other hand gellan gums with low acyl forms brittle and non elastic gels (Kelco Biopolymers, Gellan Gum for Pharmaceutical Applications rev. 10/99, 2004.). Gellan gum induces temperature dependent gelation. This gelation is caused due to series of activities in the order of formation of double helical junction zones and then gellan gum aggregation of these segments resulting in formation of three-dimensional structures by complexation and hydrogen bonding. The structure of deacetylated Gellan Gum The variation of amount of gellan gum in the formulation effects the gelating nature of the polymer base. The hypromellose and gellan gum has a biphasic nature. The percentage of gellan gum will result in phase change. Stabilizing agent: Sodium alginate is used as the stabilizing agent in these formulations. Sodium alginate acts as the tertiary polysaccharide. Sodium alginate imparts its acid insoluble properties to the hypromellose formulation thus making it enteric. Sodium alginate also acts as gelling agent. The amount of sodium alginate effects the gelation and acid solubility properties of the capsule. Sodium alginate Addition of plasticizer: Addition of plasticizer to the formulation decreased the water absorbing nature of the capsule. The major obstacle is the capsule separation due to the swelling of the capsule by absorbing water. Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) is used as the plasticizer to decrease the water absorbing nature of the capsule. Excess of PEG resulted in formation of brittle capsules and also effects the dissolution properties of the capsule. Addition of lubricating agent: Lubricating agent is added inorder to facilitate the dipping process. Addition of lubricating agent like PEG helped in easy removal of the capsule from the dipping pin. In absence of lubricating agent the capsules deformed while inverting from the dipping pin resulting in irregular shaped capsules. Addition of swelling agent: Addition of swelling agent is done inorder to achieve differential swelling between cap and body of the capsule to prevent capsule separation. Swelling agents are added in such a manner that swelling of body of the capsule is more when compared to that of cap. This will result in tightening of the capsule and can restrict the capsule separation. Process variables: Capsule size: Capsule size has a major effect on the release rate. For different capsule sizes with same aspect ratio and constant volume, the release rate decreases with increase in size of the capsule. This is due to the change in the surface area. The diffusion pathways are longer in longer capsules when compared with that of smaller ones. So the drug release with respect to time is much larger in smaller capsules when compared to longer ones (Siepman et al., 1999b) Capsule shape: The surface area of a capsule depends on the shape of the capsule. The capsule which have high surface area for a constant volume has potential exposure to the acidic environment in the stomach and the drug release rate is high. Capsules with near spherical shape have less surface area compared to other shape (Rekhi et al., 1999) These kinds of capsules are recommended for controlled release characteristics. Variation in the aspect ratio of the capsules can effect the drug release. By varying the aspect ratio of the hypromellose capsule the drug relase can be modified (Siepman et al., 1999b). Moulding temperature: Viscosity of the polymer base changes with temperature. At higher temperatures, the viscosity of the polymer base is less, so when the dipping pin is dipped in the polymer base at higher temperatures the thickness of the polymer attached to the pin is less due to the lower viscosity. So by altering the moulding temperature the thickness of the capsule can be controlled. Capsule Thickness: The generally assumption is that the encapsulated material release is through the capsule wall. So a thicker wall can control the release and slow the drug release. Thicker wall can also withstand drastic acidic condition in the stomach. Apart from the dissolution rate, the capsule thickness also effects the structure of the capsule. Dissolution of the capsule highly depends on the thickness of the capsule. Capsule thickness effects the swelling properties and mechanical properties of the capsules like strength, puncture force etc. The capsule thickness is controlled during the moulding of the capsules by proper attention to viscosity and temperature of the hypromellose polymer base. The dipping can be dipped twice or thrice according to the target thickness if required. Mechanism of drug release in hypromellose and gelatin capsules: The solubility of gelatin and hypromellose capsules in aqueous media is different due to difference in their permeability characteristics. This has a great effect on disintegration and drug release mechanism in both the materials (Nagata, 2002). The drug delivery is due to absorbance of water and hydration of the capsules by which the capsules dissolve and release the encapsulated contents. Gelatin dissolves in the fluids at body temperature. Further decrease of temperature ( Comparative studies of dissolution of hypromellose and gelatin capsules revealed that the dissolution of HPMC is independent of temperature but gelatin dissolution is highly dependent on temperature of solution. The release characteristics of HPMC showed that the drug release takes three times the time required for the drug release from gelatin capsules (Chiwele et al., 2000). Hypromellose capsules results in extended release of the drugs. Dissolution is only effected by first breakage of the capsule and start of release of the drug. Once the drug starts to release, the release does not depend on the capsule material. The dissolution studies proved that the HPMC capsules have longer lag time (Honkanen et al., 2001). The first rupture in case of HPMC takes long time but once the rupture takes place, the capsule disperses uniformly through exposing the drug completely to dissolution media. Gelatin capsules splits near the ends and dissolution takes place through the ends of the capsule s for a long time (Podczeck and Jones, 2002). The dissolution characteristics of gelatin capsules are almost same for all the capsules as the sources for gelatin is almost same from all the providers. In case of HPMC, each provider has its own formulations patented and specific characteristics are delivered for their gelling systems. The diffusion of gases through HPMC capsules is more when compared to gelatin capsules. The gas diffusion occurs through the gap between body and cap of the capsule, the sealing between cap and body of the capsule is weak in HPMC capsules when compared to that of gelatin capsules.

Case Obermeyer

UMASS LOWELL College of Management 63. 371 T. Sloan Case Study Write-up #3 SPORT OBERMEYER, LTD. Sport Obermeyer is a high-end fashion skiwear design and merchandising company headquartered in Aspen, Colorado that sells its products through U. S. department stores and ski shops. Although the company has a global supply network, most of its critical outerwear products are sourced through the Hong Kong-based company Obersport, a joint venture between Sport Obermeyer and a Hong Kong partner. Obersport, in turn, manages supply and production operations in Hong Kong and China.This case provides an in-depth description of the planning and production processes Sport Obermeyer and its supply channel partners undergo each year to develop and deliver new product lines. Please prepare a report that addresses the questions below. Answers must be typed (doublespaced), and write-ups will be evaluated on their content and presentation, including logic, organization, grammar, and spelling. You must work on the case in groups of two (2) to four (4) students. You are responsible for determining who is in your group and how work is allocated.Please turn in one write-up per group, and list the names of all group members on the write-up. Refer to the handout titled â€Å"Guidelines for Case Study Write-ups† for more information on the content and format for case write-ups. Questions [2 points each] 1. What are the key activities/events involved in the design, ordering, production, and shipment of Sport Oberymeyer’s products? When do these activities/events take place? Discuss the challenges faced by Sport Obermeyer in managing its global supply chain. 2. How can Wally use theBuying Committee’s forecasts to estimate the risk associated with early production of each style? Using the sample data given in Exhibit 10, make a recommendation for how many units of each style Wally Obermeyer should order during the initial phase of production. Assume that all 10 styles in the sample problem are made in Hong Kong and that Obermeyer’s initial production commitment must be at least 10,000 units. Ignore price differences among styles in your initial analysis. (Note: there is not an exact formula or method for this type of problem.I am more interested in the approach you use to determine the order quantities than in the specific numbers. ) 3. What are the long-term costs, advantages, and risks of producing in China versus Hong Kong? How will minimum order quantities affect capacity? Which of the 10 styles should be made in Hong Kong and which should be produced in China? Justify your answer. 4. What changes would you recommend to Wally to improve overall supply chain performance? Be specific and pay particular attention to operations-related changes. [The presentation/style of the report counts for an additional 2 points, for a total of 10 possible points. Remember to submit an electronic copy of your write-up to the TurnItIn. com web site. Due Date: Monday, April 23, 2007 at the beginning of class UMASS LOWELL College of Management 63. 371 T. Sloan Electronic Submission of Write-ups to TurnItIn. com TurnItIn. com A new service is available to students and faculty at UMass Lowell to help uphold academic integrity. In addition to turning in a hard copy of your case write-up, you will be required to submit an electronic version of the write-up to the web site TurnItIn. com. How do I submit my case write-up?It is quick and easy to submit your write up: 1. Point your web browser to www. turnitin. com. 2. Click on the New User section, and a dialogue box will guide you through the process of creating a user profile. You will need to enter our class ID number: 1822979 and enrollment password: sloan (note: all lower case). 3. Our class will then show up on your start page. Click on the class name: Sloan – 63. 371 – Ops. Mgt. 4. You will then see a list of assignments. Click on the appropriate assignment. 5. Submit y our paper following the instructions in the dialogue box.The following formats are accepted: MS Word, WordPerfect, RTF, PDF, PostScript, HTML, and plain text (. txt). 6. Click Submit when prompted to complete the submission process. A digital receipt number will be issued, and you will receive an e-mail confirming successful submission. That’s it! No further action is required. You will only need to create a user profile the first time you use the system, so for future assignments, the process will be even easier. Note: Please submit only one electronic copy per group. Under Author Name, simply list the name of one group member. When are the write-ups due?The hard copy of the write-up is due during (or prior to) class on the dates indicated in the course syllabus. If you are not able to attend class, you may e-mail ([email  protected] edu) or fax (978/9344034) your write-up before class. The electronic copy of the write-up must be submitted within 24 hours of the class disc ussion. To summarize†¦ Hand in the paper copy of your group’s case write-up during or prior to class on the day that it is due. Submit an electronic copy of the paper within 24 hours of our class discussion. Submit only one paper copy and one electronic copy per group.

3. the Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World

3. The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World Religion and Politics are an influential aspect of daily life and continue to affect people today in what they believe in religion and politics. Currently in the news, there is a war regarding religion and beliefs that were made into a movie and portrayed as untrue beliefs from that culture. The politics behind what is brought forth in a story written and then put on a screen has created a religious and political war. Although what was written and produced was viewed as freedom of speech, it has ultimately outraged the believers regarding their religious beliefs.Religion is a belief in someone or something that allows a person to have prayer and beliefs in their culture for the better of their life as they see it. Religion is very much alive as part of politics (Handleman, 2011, p 58). Politics are what affects not only individuals but also countries that should abide by the laws of what are established in order to obtain peace, structure, and control with the people. When religion and politics are put together, they are essentially within the same, beliefs, structure, searching for peace, and allowing a greater being or source to be in control. ReligionsThere are many different types of religions and cultures all over the world. There are many different types of Gods that people have faith in and perform prayer to daily. For centuries, certain religions have stayed within the same beliefs; there are new religions throughout the world that have also not thrived, as well. The church, the laws of the church, and Christianity will continue to be alive and growth on earth every day. People should be allowed to believe in whatever God they choose, but in different countries and with their cultures, people can be brought up to believe only in what they are taught.Catholic Religious Beliefs. There are many religions of the world, and one of the leading religions is Catholicism. The only significant religio n, Catholicism, have penetrated extensively into both industrialized democracies and the developing world, is preeminent in Philippines and Latin America and also is the faith of significant portions of the population in a number of sub-Saharan African countries (Handelman, 2011, p. 60). In Africa, there are more Catholic believers and over half of the populations of all adults are baptized.Inexorably, pastoral and intellectual energy in the church will follow population, and this means that African leaders are destined to play an increasingly prominent role in the global church (Allen, 2006). The world is developing in many areas and having the Catholic belief is becoming stronger than ever. Islamic Religious Beliefs. The Islamic culture is considered not a sacred religion, but one that is of harm and malice. If one would study the Islamic religion, it is not a new religion but one from a path of monotheism.The monotheism too was developed into Judaism and Christianity. The ignoran ce about Islam and perceived targeting of Muslims in general by the U. S. -led â€Å"war on terrorism† have exacerbated a dangerous and growing divide between Muslims and non-Muslims in the contemporary world (Fisher, 2011, p. 381). The Islamic religious beliefs are straightforward to have acceptance, commitment, peace, and purity. They believe in allowing their God for guidance. Politics The balance of politics and what the government has decided for the future is becoming increasingly complex.Politics have become more fundamental in the Third World countries in order to help with the growth and expansion of countries. In order for politics to produce appreciable works, democracy would need to function correctly by the people. Religious beliefs may change over time, but politics are most likely to stay the same. The relationship between politics and religion are to be tolerant and accept changes that occur over time. Politics and Independence. The many cultures in Third Worl d countries seek independence and continue to seek justice from their government and leaders.A threat to the economic well-being is the vast income inequality within developed nations, within many developing nations, and between the developed and developing worlds (Rubin, 2000, p. 421). Each country seeks independence in trade for economic and social changes in order to obtain financial growth. Third World Politics. The principles in other nations seem quite different than what is in the United States. In Third World countries, young children are able to work at an early age in support to be providers in the family.In the United States, there are laws where children cannot work up until a certain age and need to be in a school system. Equal justice to help children with education and development in order to enhance social mobility throughout Third World countries would be beneficial to all. There are many challenges in Third World countries to obtain proper health benefits, and with out assistance, it will often leads to deaths. In conclusion, the world of religion and politics are both needed and desired by many for order and to have something or someone that is of a higher being to respect.Religion and politics will forever be linked throughout the world. Many cultures will continue to either stay within their beliefs of religion or allow changes outside ones control. Politics will continue to be the focus on what the worldviews as structure for each country to abide by their laws set forth by the governments. Although both religion and politics can evolve in war and corruption, there will always be a higher being to seek answers and follow until the end of time.War has evolved from words that are harsh and untrue, but prayer has allowed answers to many questions in which have resolved with effective change. References Allen, John (2006, March 10). African and Catholicism. National Catholic Reporter, (19), 11, Retrieved from http://elibrary. bighchalk. com Fi sher, M. P. (2011). Living Religions (8th ed. ). (2011 Custom Edition) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Handelman, H. (2011). The Challenge of Third World Development (6th ed. ). (2011 Custom Edition) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Rubin, E. Robert. â€Å"The global economy. † Vital Speeches of the Day. 01 May. 2000: 421

What Truly Separates A Man From A Woman - 1606 Words

What truly separates a man from a woman? Since the moment humanity began, patriarchal ideas have corrupted society to the point where in the 21st century, we are still working towards equality. Gender equality has many different ideas behind it, but overall mean the same thing. Men and women should be treated with the same respect and be given the same opportunities. I chose this topic because I believe that in today’s society women are not given the same chances that men are. People believe that men can do things that women can’t and vise versa. What about the individual personality? If a lazy, slack-off male and a goal achieving, hard-working female, both applied for a job, who would receive the job? In most cases the easy answer would†¦show more content†¦When applying for a job, women have been turned down because â€Å"even though they have fantastic qualifications, the longtime clients of the company are more comfortable handling men† (2015, para. 4). Women get turned down for reasons other than qualifications, showing how discrimination is a large factor in the job searching process. Men on the other hand, are rarely turned down for jobs because of their sex. This skewed job application process causes a snowball effect into the rest of the workforce. All of this ends up bringing different industries for male and females. Some sectors of work are male dominated, while others are female dominated. According to the Catalyst knowledge center, the most male dominated sectors of employment are brickmasons and stonemasons with men taking 99.9% of that field. The most female dominated sector of employment are secretaries and administrative assistants with 95.3% of women taking that field (2015, para. 11-12). Male and female based industries tend to have trends with them. The male based industries are more physical labor and construction type jobs, where women dominate the assistant and the secretary sector of the workforce. This seg regation of genders into different workforces is why it is hard for women to seek employment in â€Å"male dominated industries†. Next, it leads us into the third and final snowball effect. In general throughout the U.S, women do not get equal